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Oxidation mechanism and passivation of Ge surface by ozone is experimentally investigated. The GeOx oxidation process contains two regions: initial linear growth region and following parabolic growth region. The linear growth region contains reaction of oxygen atoms with surface bond and back bonds of outmost Ge layer. The parabolic growth region starts when the oxygen atoms diffuse into back bonds...
For the first time, the influence of different types of atoms (Zn and O) on the antibacterial activities of nanosized ZnO was quantitatively evaluated with the aid of a 3D‐printing‐manufactured evaluation system. Two different outermost atomic layers were manufactured separately by using an ALD (atomic layer deposition) method. Interestingly, we found that each outermost atomic layer exhibited certain...
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