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This paper presents an ultra-low voltage and ultra-low power PVT tolerant digital PLL with a semi-digital low dropout regulator (LDO). A low cost integrated temperature compensation circuit (TCC) is proposed and implemented by combining with a proposed ΑΣ LDO to reduce temperature variation of the digitally-controlled relaxation oscillator (DCRXO). A 50-to-145MHz PLL implemented in 65nm CMOS consumes...
This paper analyzes the dynamics of an amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) system, and designs a novel output feedback robust adaptive control (OFRAC) law to improve the scanning performance of the AM-AFM system. That is, a control-oriented reduced model is proposed to approximate the mapping from tip–sample separation to oscillation amplitude, whose accuracy is verified by experimental...
This paper analyzes the dynamics of amplitude modulation atomic force microscope (AM-AFM) which is the mostly employed mode in current AFMs. A reduced model is proposed to approximate the function of tip-sample separation to oscillation amplitude. Considering the fact that the model parameters vary with different combinations of piezo-scanner and cantilever as well as the measured sample, a robust...
An atomic force microscope (AFM) usually employs proportional-integral (PI) control strategy to sustain a constant cantilever deflection. However, it is well known that the tuning of PI parameters is a tedious and complicated procedure, especially for those unfamiliar with control theory. In this paper, we employ and implement relay controller to automate the tuning procedure for contact-mode AFM...
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