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The modes in which Na occurs play an important role in its release and catalytic effects during thermal utilization of Zhundong coal. The modes of Na transform with increasing temperature during pyrolysis, but the transformation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, an acid-washed coal was used as a substrate to eliminate the influence of Na inherently present in the raw coal. Na2SO4, NaCl, NaHCO...
This study aims to clarify the effects of inherent inorganic sodium salts present in Zhundong coal on the morphology, element composition, structures, and reactivities of chars from fast pyrolysis. The concentration of the main anions present in the raw coal determined by ion chromatography indicates that Na could exist in the forms of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3, CH3COONa (NaAc), and NaHCO3, which were then...
In recent years, Hg re-emission from the wet scrubber has become a hot topic in the field of Hg abatement since wet scrubber has been considered as an effective way to remove Hg. In this paper, the effects of Cu ions on Hg re-emission were investigated for the first time in the presence of SO32−. The effect of CuCl32− was proved to directly reduce Hg2+ to insoluble Hg0 and to catalytically decompose...
Recently, the mercury re-emission from the scrubbing solution has become a hot topic in wet flue gas desulfurization process (WFGD). Selenite is one of the most important matters in the solution. It is discovered that selenite have great effect on the mercury re-emission in the WFGD process in this paper. Several important parameters, such as selenite concentration, pH value, temperature and chloride...
This experimental work systematically compares the stoichiometric alcohol–gasoline and gasoline–alcohol Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) combustion for engine particle number (PN) reduction and fuel economy improvement using a high compression ratio gasoline engine. Alcohol–gasoline DFSI is based on port fuel injection (PFI) of alcohols with high oxygenated content, high octane number and high latent...
This paper investigates an experimental study of Alcohols–gasoline Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) Combustion for knock suppression and high fuel efficiency using a gasoline engine with high compression ratio. Alcohols–gasoline DFSI is organized using a port-fuel-injection (PFI) of high oxygenated, high latent heat and high octane number fuel to suppress knock and a direct injection (DI) of high energy...
Diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) is a product obtained from direct coal liquefaction (DCL). Compared with petrodiesel, DDCL contains almost no sulfur element. Other than this feature, several other properties of DDCL are similar to those of petrodiesel. Therefore, DDCL is applicable to automobile diesel fuel. However, the cetane number (CN) of DDCL is only 44. In this article, fatty acid...
Supported ionic liquid catalysts with different loading of [Bmim]FeCl4 embedded in silica gel were synthesized and characterized. The results demonstrated that ionic liquid [Bmim]FeCl4 was embedded in the silica gel successfully with no destruction to its structure. The amount of [Bmim]FeCl4 was decreased sharply in the extractive coupled with catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) system. The...
The kinetics of heterogeneous methanolysis of sunflower oil and used vegetable oil were studied at different temperatures, ranging from 60 to 96°C using CaO·ZnO as catalyst (2wt% on the basis of oil) and methanol to oil molar ratio of 10:1. Heterogeneous CaO·ZnO catalyst was synthesized by mechanochemical treatment of CaO and ZnO powder mixture with the addition of water necessary for the formation...
This study aimed to explore base catalysts with high transesterification efficiency to be used for heterogeneous biodiesel production. Cinder, a solid waste from coal burning industry, with 0.9–2.0mm diameter, served as the support for CaO/KF to prepare base catalyst particle. The catalyst was characterized by base strength, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive...
Motivated by detailed designs of industrial porous burners published in patents, the combustion of methane–air mixtures in a two-section porous burner has been studied numerically. The software FLUENT is used to solve a two-dimensional transient mathematical model of the combustion. In order to reveal the reality of the combustion in porous media, the user defined function (UDF) is used to extend...
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