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Klystron microwave amplifiers play a vital role in addressing the increasing demands of high‐average microwave power for strategic applications such as linear accelerators, active denial technologies, radar, and so forth. Typically, klystrons have an efficiency of 50%‐60% that demands an efficient thermal design for dissipating the unused DC power in the form of spent electron beam in collector. Hence,...
Enhancing the heat transfer rate is an important factor in a heat exchanger. There are various heat losses because of convection, conduction and radiation from the fluid to the atmosphere or to the construction material which reduces the performance of a heat exchanger. This paper focuses on developing a model for energy balance accounting the various energy losses based on experimental results. The...
Helical tubes are universally used in chemical reactors, ocean engineering, heat exchangers, piping system and many other engineering applications. It has been long recognized that heat transfer characteristic of helical tubes are much better than that of straight ones because of the occurrence of secondary fluid flow in planes normal to the main flow inside the helical structure. In the present study...
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