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The investigation of longitudinal loads and their influence on stresses and internal forces in continuous welded rails (CWR) connected to bridge deck has been discussed intensively in the last 20 years. These discussions originated from the 1995 UIC-recommendation 774-3R, and led to the introduction of the Eurocode 1. These standards are very conservative. For instance, the code used a bi-linear stiffness–displacement...
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