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Recognizing handwritten chemical structural formulas is challenging due to the spatial complexity involved, especially for chemical skeletal structural formulas. In chemical skeletal structural formulas, the Carbon atoms are omitted in the drawing of chemical connected bonds, in which the single bonds are connected with hidden Carbon atoms as the connection points. To recognize chemical skeletal structural...
With the recent emergence of pen-based and touch based input devices such as Apple's iPad and Samsung's Galaxy Tablet, it has become more feasible now to input chemical formulas directly by handwriting, which is more natural and efficient than the traditional template-based input methods. In this paper, we propose an effective graph-based chemical structural analysis approach for online progressive...
With the growing popularity of pen-based and touch-based devices such as Apple's iPad and Samsung's Galaxy Tablet, handwriting has become an important input method. Although handwriting recognition for text contents and mathematical formulae are well-supported in these devices, recognizing handwritten chemical expressions is still very challenging due to its complex spatial structure. In this research,...
With recent emergence of pen-based and touch-based input surfaces, it now becomes more feasible to input chemical expressions directly by handwriting, which is in fact more natural and efficient. In general, chemical expressions can be written in either molecular or structural format. However, it is typically more difficult and challenging to directly take structural chemical expressions as input...
Vector space text classification is commonly used in intelligence applications such as email and conversation analysis. In this paper we propose a supervised term weighting scheme called tƒ × KL (term frequency Kullback-Leibler), which weights each word proportionally to the ratio of its document frequency across the positive and negative class. We then generalize tƒ × KL to effectively deal with...
Computer-assisted assessment of summary writings is a challenging area which has recently attracted much interest from the research community. This is mainly due to the advances in other areas such as information extraction and natural language processing which have made automatic summary assessment possible. Different techniques such as Latent Semantic Analysis, n-gram co-occurrence and BLEU have...
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