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A method based on ant colony algorithm (ACA) is proposed to train weights and thresholds for Back-propagation (BP) neural network. BP algorithm has been widely used in training artificial neural network (ANN). This algorithm has many attractive features, such as adaptive learning, self-organism, and fault tolerant ability. All of them make BP one of the most successful algorithms in various fields...
An adaptive discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is presented to solve the generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP). The generalized vertex employed to represent the problem, by which the GTSP and TSP can be handled in uniform style. An uncertain searching strategy and local searching techniques are also employed to accelerate the convergent speed. Numerical results show the effectiveness...
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