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Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with seizure and nonseizure symptoms. A comprehensive understanding of how many individuals are affected globally, the diagnostic journey they face, and the extent of mortality associated with these conditions is lacking. Here, we summarize and evaluate published data on the epidemiology...
Fully elucidating the burden that Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) places on individuals with the disease and their caregivers is critical to improving outcomes and quality of life (QoL). This systematic literature review evaluated the global burden of illness of LGS, including clinical symptom burden, care requirements, QoL, comorbidities, caregiver burden, economic burden, and treatment burden (PROSPERO...
Objective
Copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to genetic risk and genetic etiology of both rare and common epilepsies. Whereas many studies have explored the role of CNVs in sporadic or severe cases, fewer have been done in familial generalized and focal epilepsies.
Methods
We analyzed exome sequence data from 267 multiplex families and 859 first‐degree relative pairs with a diagnosis of genetic...
Objectives
Corpus callosotomy (CC) is used to reduce seizures, primarily in patients with generalized drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). The invasive nature of the procedure contributes to underutilization despite its potential superiority to other palliative procedures. The goal of this study was to use a multi‐institutional epilepsy surgery database to characterize the use of CC across participating...
Objective
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by high seizure burden, treatment‐resistant epilepsy, and developmental stagnation. Family members rate communication deficits among the most impactful disease manifestations. We evaluated seizure burden and language/communication development in children with DS.
Methods
ENVISION was a prospective, observational...
Objective
This study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of fenfluramine in the treatment of convulsive seizures in patients with Dravet syndrome.
Methods
This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, phase 3 clinical trial enrolled patients with Dravet syndrome, aged 2–18 years with poorly controlled convulsive seizures, provided they were not also...
Objective
Improve data‐driven research to inform clinical decision‐making with pediatric epilepsy surgery patients by expanding the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium Epilepsy Surgery (PERC‐Surgery) Workgroup to include neuropsychological data. This article reports on the process and initial success of this effort and characterizes the cognitive functioning of the largest multi‐site pediatric...
Objective
This study was undertaken to evaluate the long‐term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS).
Methods
Eligible patients with LGS who completed a 14‐week phase 3 randomized clinical trial enrolled in an open‐label extension (OLE; NCT03355209). All patients were initially started on .2 mg/kg/day fenfluramine and after 1 month were titrated...
Objective
Vaccination against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is a primary tool to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, vaccination is a common seizure trigger in individuals with Dravet syndrome (DS). Information surrounding COVID‐19 vaccine side effects in patients with DS would aid caregivers and providers in decisions for and management of COVID‐19 vaccination.
Methods
A survey was emailed to the Dravet...
Objective
This study was undertaken to gain consensus from experienced physicians and caregivers regarding optimal diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome (DS), in the context of recently approved, DS‐specific therapies and emerging disease‐modifying treatments.
Methods
A core working group was convened consisting of six physicians with recognized expertise in DS and two representatives of...
Objective
We aimed to identify genes associated with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) by combining large cohorts enriched with individuals with a positive family history. Secondarily, we set out to compare the association of genes independently with familial and sporadic GGE.
Methods
We performed a case–control whole exome sequencing study in unrelated individuals of European descent diagnosed...
Objective
The number, unpredictability, and severity of seizures experienced by patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) negatively impact quality of life (QOL) for patients, caregivers, and families. Metrics are needed to assess whether patients with residual seizures have moved meaningfully toward seizure freedom after treatment with new antiseizure medications.
Methods
We evaluated the time required...
Objective
Drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) occurs at higher rates in children <3 years old. Epilepsy surgery is effective, but rarely utilized in young children despite developmental benefits of early seizure freedom. The present study aims to identify unique patient characteristics and evaluation strategies in children <3 years old who undergo epilepsy surgery evaluation as a means to assess...
Objective
We sought to identify novel genes and to establish the contribution of known genes in a large cohort of patients with nonsyndromic sporadic polymicrogyria and epilepsy.
Methods
We enrolled participants with polymicrogyria and their parents through the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project. We performed phenotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES), trio analysis, and gene‐level collapsing analysis...
Objective
Fenfluramine has been shown to provide clinically meaningful and statistically significant reductions in convulsive seizure frequency in children and adolescents (aged 2‐18 years) with Dravet syndrome in two randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trials. The objective of this analysis was to assess longer‐term safety and efficacy of fenfluramine in patients who completed one of the double‐blind...
Objective
The Epilepsy Genetics Initiative (EGI) was formed in 2014 to create a centrally managed database of clinically generated exome sequence data. EGI performs systematic research‐based reanalysis to identify new molecular diagnoses that were not possible at the time of initial sequencing and to aid in novel gene discovery. Herein we report on the efficacy of this approach 3 years after inception...
Objective
To characterize the features associated with PCDH19‐related epilepsy, also known as “female‐limited epilepsy.”
Methods
We analyzed data from participants enrolled in the PCDH19 Registry, focusing on the seizure‐related, developmental, neurobehavioral, and sleep‐related features. We evaluated variants for pathogenicity based on previous reports, population databases, and in silico predictions,...
Objective
Research using neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) has been limited by a lack of a standardized classification system and interpretation terminology. In 2013, the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) published a guideline for standardized terminology and categorization in the description of continuous EEG in neonates. We sought to assess interrater agreement for this neonatal...
Objective
Infantile spasms (IS) represent a severe epileptic encephalopathy presenting in the first 2 years of life. Recommended first‐line therapies (hormonal therapy or vigabatrin) often fail. We evaluated response to second treatment for IS in children in whom the initial therapy failed to produce both clinical remission and electrographic resolution of hypsarhythmia and whether time to treatment...
PurposeLennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a devastating childhood‐onset epilepsy syndrome. The cause is unknown in 25% of cases. Little has been described about the specific clinical or electroencephalography (EEG) features of LGS of unknown or genetic cause (LGSu). The Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project (EPGP) aims to characterize LGSu by phenotypic analysis of patients with LGSu and their parents.
MethodsOne...
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