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Astra, deployed in 2018, was the first petascale supercomputer to utilize processors based on the ARM instruction set. The system was also the first under Sandia's Vanguard program which seeks to provide an evaluation vehicle for novel technologies that with refinement could be utilized in demanding, large‐scale HPC environments. In addition to ARM, several other important first‐of‐a‐kind developments...
Power API--the result of collaboration among national laboratories, universities, and major vendors--provides a range of standardized power management functions, from application-level control and measurement to facility-level accounting, including real-time and historical statistics gathering. Support is already available for Intel and AMD CPUs and standalone measurement devices.
Power will be a first-class operating constraint for Exascale computing. In order to manage power consumption of systems, measurement and control methods need to be developed. While several approaches have been developed by hardware manufacturers, they are vendor-specific and in some cases implementation-specific interfaces. Integrating all of the individual device level measurement and control functionality...
Future exascale systems are expected to have significantly reduced network bandwidth relative to computational performance than current systems. Clearly, this will impact bandwidth-intensive applications, so it is important to gain insight into the magnitude of the negative impact on performance and scalability to help identify mitigation strategies. In this paper, we show how current systems can...
The metrics used for evaluating energy saving techniques for future HPC systems are critical to the correct assessment of proposed methods. Current predictions forecast that overcoming reduced system reliability, increased power requirements and energy consumption will be a major design challenge for future systems. Modern runtime energy-saving research efforts do not take into account the energy...
The challenge of balancing between power and performance is now well established. While research in this area is well underway, the ability to measure power and energy in situ has remained an obstacle. This problem is magnified in the field of High Performance Computing (HPC). To meet this challenge, a device called PowerInsight has been designed to accomplish component level power and energy instrumentation...
Historically, scientific computing applications have been statically linked before running on massively parallel High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms. In recent years, demand for supporting dynamically linked applications at large scale has increased. When programs running at large scale dynamically load shared objects, they often request the same file from shared storage. These independent...
As high-end computing machines continue to grow in size, issues such as fault tolerance and reliability limit application scalability. Current techniques to ensure progress across faults, like checkpoint-restart, are increasingly problematic at these scales due to excessive overheads predicted to more than double an application's time to solution. Replicated computing techniques, particularly state...
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