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A new method named Pulsated Orifice Ejection Method (POEM) is proposed for fabrication of BGA solder balls with narrow size distribution and high sphericity. As for an orifice with a certain diameter, the diameter of solder balls is mainly affected by rod displacement and gas pressure. The size of solder ball linearly increases with the increase of both the rod displacement and the gas pressure within...
0.57(Bi0.8La0.2)FeO3-0.43PbTiO3 (BLF-PT) ceramics were successfully prepared by sol-gel technique combined with solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that single crystallites with rhombohedral phase could be obtained at 600 °C for 2 h, which is 150 °C lower than that required to prepare single phase material with the same composition from solid-state reactions. The...
As the neuro-fuzzy system is based on a feed forward network structure, it cannot effectively cope with dynamic processes such as space heating systems for the built environment. To overcome this problem, an improved version of the hybrid system is developed and presented in this paper. This system has self-feedback loops for the output that can model the dynamical behavior of the process. The developed...
Inferential sensors are used to infer the critical control variables that are otherwise difficult, if not impossible, to measure in broad range of engineering fields. All inferential sensors are based on an inferential modelling module that represents the dynamics between the inputs and the outputs. Two commonly used artificial intelligence based approaches for the development of the inferential modelling...
Ultrasonic probes which can simultaneously generate and receive two orthogonal polarized shear (S?? and S//) and longitudinal (L) waves in screw shape have been presented. Thick piezoelectric films are directly fabricated onto the heads of such probes as L wave integrated ultrasonic transducers. S?? and S// waves are obtained using mode conversion method. Application of such probes for on-line polymer...
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