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To solve large-scale constraint satisfaction problems, CSPs, we propose an ant colony optimization based meta-heuristics to dynamically control the balance between convergence and diversity in the search. In our method, several groups with different control parameters by which the balance are determined are first created, in each of which the same number of artificial ants are stored. Then, the main...
Graph colorability, COL, is a typical constraint satisfaction problem to which phase transition phenomena,PTs, are important in the computational complexity of combinatorial search algorithms. PTs are significant and subtle because, in the PT region, extraordinarily hard problem instances are found, which may require exponential-order computational time to solve. To clarify PT mechanism, many studies...
We performed the X-ray Laue topography of strontium titanate from 300 K down to 4 K through the cubic-tetragonal phase transition temperature T a =105 K. We found that the {110} domain boundaries formed below T a clearly showed the bright and dark stripe contrasts. The appearance of the contrasts depends on the diffraction vector g. The boundaries parallel to g show the strongest contrasts,...
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