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The Gravity Model (GM), one of the most classic models adopted by the domain of social sciences from physics, has been widely used to study the interactions between social identities. Previous research that has used the Gravity Model to study the interactions among cities have mostly used a single variable, such as population or GDP, to represent a city, which does not provide a comprehensive depiction...
A process monitoring method called Improved Projection to Latent Structures (IPLS) is proposed in this paper. It aims at changing the oblique projection to orthogonal projection on the input space in basic PLS, thus a decomposition on input space to two orthogonal subspaces is achieved. Moreover, the output space is divided into three parts-a predictable subspace, an unpredictable principal subspace...
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