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Soil properties and terrain characteristics influence spatiotemporal patterns of soil moisture across a watershed. To improve the predictive power of landscape hydrologic models, it is essential to consider both soil and terrain attributes when stratifying a catchment into similar hydrologic functional units. In this study, we developed and validated a new catchment-scale stratification scheme for...
In this study, detailed field experiments were conducted at three hillslopes in southeast Iowa with different agricultural management practices, namely Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), no-till, and conventional till, to identify the effects of land use on saturated hydraulic conductivity, K sat , variability. On average, 40 measurements per field were concomitantly performed using an array...
Experimental evidence has shown that soil layering can significantly alter water movement through soil profiles, especially in sloping landscapes. Detailed knowledge of soil layering and its position in the landscape is therefore necessary for determining dynamic subsurface flow. In this study, we used Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in combination with high resolution real-time soil water monitoring...
Soil and topography are widely recognized as important controls of soil moisture variation. Soil moisture distribution in a landscape has often been conceptualized as being controlled predominantly by soil properties during dry periods, and by topography during wet periods. However, this conceptualization does not explicitly consider plant growth, spatial scale, and soil depth. We investigated the...
Climate change is expected to increase the intensity of precipitation, but our ability to model the consequences for soil respiration are limited by a lack of data from soils that are saturated and draining. In this study, we used large intact soil columns (28×30cm) to 1) quantify changes in CO 2 flux as soils drain from saturated conditions, and 2) to determine which soil water metrics best...
Understanding landscape and soil distribution patterns in buffer zones along a stream network in a watershed can improve riparian zone management and the representation of soil-landscape parameters in watershed modeling. We analyzed landscape features and soil properties within a 300-m buffer zone of different order streams in a large agricultural watershed (the East Mahantango Creek Watershed) located...
Computed tomographic (CT) images of small (approximately 3 mm diameter) intact aggregates from an agricultural soil of two contrasting management histories were analyzed. Fractal analysis was employed to quantify the heterogeneity of mass and pore space within individual aggregates. Three fractal analytical methods were compared: 1) density scaling fitted to a solid mass fractal model, 2) density...
The visions, directions, and images of soil science are changing. Historically, soil science has followed a circuitous path in its evolution from a discipline with foundational roots in geology, to an applied agricultural and environmental discipline, and now to a bio- and geo-science through the Earth's Critical Zone investigations. This closes the loop or spiral, but along the way, soil science...
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