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The relationship between dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages is often debated. Here we ask whether steady-state, lymphoid-tissue-resident conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and macrophages share a common macrophage-DC-restricted precursor (MDP). Using new clonal culture assays combined with adoptive transfer, we found that MDP fractions isolated by previous strategies are dominated...
The signaling pathway of the cytokine Flt3L in dendritic cells (DCs) is poorly defined. In this issue of Immunity, Sathaliyawala et al. (2010) report that the kinase mTOR functions as a mediator of Flt3L signaling in the development and homeostasis of DCs, particularly of the CD8 + and CD103 + DCs.
Dendritic cells (DCs) in mucosal surfaces are early targets for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). DCs mount rapid and robust immune responses upon pathogen encounter. However, immune response in the early events of HIV-1 transmission appears limited, suggesting that HIV-1 evade early immune control by DCs. We report that HIV-1 induces a rapid shutdown of autophagy and immunoamphisomes in DCs...
The transcription factor PU.1 plays multiple context and concentration dependent roles in lymphoid and myeloid cell development. Here we showed that PU.1 (encoded by Sfpi1) was essential for dendritic cell (DC) development in vivo and that conditional ablation of PU.1 in defined precursors, including the common DC progenitor, blocked Flt3 ligand-induced DC generation in vitro. PU.1 was also required...
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogenous population of bone-marrow-derived immune cells. Although all DCs share a common ability to process and present antigen to naive T cells for the initiation of an immune response, they differ in surface markers, migratory patterns, localization, and cytokine production. DCs were originally considered to be myeloid cells, but recent findings have demonstrated...
The transcription factor RelB had been shown to be important for dendritic cell (DC) development, but the type of DC involved was not clear. Here, we report that RelB mRNA is expressed strongly in CD8α − DEC-205 − DC but only weakly in CD8α + DEC-205 + DC. In addition, CD8α + DEC-205 + DC are present and functional in RelB null mice, the DC deficiency...
The transcription factor Ikaros is a major determinant of lymphocyte differentiation. Mice homozygous for an Ikaros dominat-negative (DN−/−) mutation lack all cells of lymphoid origin, including T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. Mice homozygous for an Ikaros null allele lack B and NK cells but display specific defects in T lymphocytes. Nonetheless, both Ikaros mutant lines make an excess of monocytes...
Mice homozygous for an Ikaros null mutation display distinct defects in the development of fetal and adult lymphocytes. Fetal T lymphocytes, and fetal and adult B lymphocytes and their earliest progenitors are absent. Postnatally, hematopoietic stem cells give rise to thymocyte precursors that undergo aberrant differentiation into the CD4 lineage and clonal expansion. The lack of NK cells and some...
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