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Lignite is well known for its hard-to-float property. Many surfactants, including anionic, cationic and non-ionic have been applied to improve the floatation efficiency. In this work, cationic dodecylamine was applied to pretreat the lignite samples with different densities, which are −1.45 g/cm3, 1.45–1.80 g/cm3 and +1.80 g/cm3. The surface charged properties of the raw samples were determined by...
To understand the detailed catalytic mechanism of ion-exchanging AAEM species on biochar structure and its specific reactivity during CO2/H2O gasification, the experiments were carried out in a laboratory fixed-bed reactor at 800 °C, with two kinds of AAEM-loading methods. The migration and precipitation characteristics of AAEM species was evaluated by ICP-AES, while the transformation of biochar...
The droplet suspension technology was used under the condition of atmospheric pressure and 873K. The n-butanol concentration ranged from 0% to 75% to investigate the effect of n-butanol concentration on the puffing characteristics of a n-butanol-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) droplet. Experimental results showed that BUT25, BUT50 and BUT75 (BUT’XX’ represented XX% n-butanol by mass fraction in the...
Fuel physical properties are known to influence in-nozzle flow behavior, in turn affecting spray formation in internal combustion engines. A series of 3D simulations was performed to model the internal nozzle flow in a five-hole mini-sac diesel injector. The goal of the study was to evaluate the behavior of two gasoline-like fuels (full-range naphtha and light naphtha) and compare them against n-Dodecane,...
In this study, several strains were investigated to evaluate their ability to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from cheese whey powder (CWP). The capacity of these strains for 2,3-BD production was assessed in lactose medium and two strains Klebsiella pneumoniae CICC 10781 and K. oxytoca CICC 21518 were selected. Fully assessing the fermentation performances indicate that CICC 10781 was more suitable...
Ultrafine particulate matter (PM) is an important part of PM2.5, which is enriched with hazardous components and more harmful; meanwhile it cannot be effectively removed by the common-used dust collectors. In-furnace sorbent injection is an emerging technology to reduce the emission of PM in the coal combustion and the sorbent is a key factor determining its feasibility. In this study, to seek new...
In order to research puffing characteristics of biodiesel-butanol blends, single droplet experiments of BUT25 and BUT75 were conducted under the condition of atmospheric pressure and 800°C. Experimental results showed that BUT25 only demonstrated core mode, while BUT75 demonstrated both surface and core mode simultaneously. The core mode was a periodic process including bubble nucleation, bubble expansion...
The characteristics of the pore structure of rice husk char during high-temperature steam gasification was investigated in a fixed bed gasifier. The raw rice husk was heated to various temperatures (600–1400°C) to generate rice husk char. The yield of rice husk char decreases with char generation temperature. Carbon conversion rate of rice husk char after steam gasification decreases significantly...
Extraction of methane from hydrate-bearing sediment (HBS) has aroused increasing interest around the world. However, the decomposition of gas hydrate may cause significant sediment deformation, which is one of the main obstructions for the hydrate exploitation. To investigate the decomposition behaviors of methane hydrate in different sediments and study the sediment deformation during hydrate decomposition,...
To study nitrogen oxides release, two model coals, which contain pyrrolic or pyridinic nitrogen, are prepared and burned in an entrained flow combustion system during 800–1300°C. The influences of temperature, mineral, interaction between the two nitrogen forms, and oxygen concentration are discussed. The results show that NO is the dominant species, and its release increases drastically as temperature...
Biomass char gasification with steam refers to the reaction of the steam and biomass char under high temperature when the biomass char converts to combustible gas. Rice husk was selected as the raw material for char preparation. A gasification reactor was designed and built for the study of characteristics of rice husk char gasification with steam. Results show that the temperature is the primary...
A series of water-tolerant porous niobium phosphate solid acid catalysts were hydrothermal synthesized using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template. The tuning of surface acidity and the ratios of acid types (Brönsted and Lewis acid sites) was realized by adjusting the pH values in synthetic processes. It was found that the acidic properties and the balance between Brönsted/Lewis acid...
Pilot-Scale Hydrate Simulator (PHS), a novel three-dimensional 117.8-L pressure vessel was developed to investigate the gas production from methane hydrate in porous media using the huff and puff method. In situ methane hydrate was synthesized in the pressure vessel with methane gas and deionized water in quartz sand with grain sizes between 300 and 450μm. In the PHS, a 9-spot distribution of vertical...
In this study, the Euler–Euler (E–E) and Euler–Lagrange (E–L) models designed for the same chemical mechanism of heterogeneous reactions were used to predict the performance of a typical sudden-expanding coal combustor. The results showed that the current E–E model underestimated the coal burnout rate because the particle temperature fluctuation on char combustion is not adequately considered. A comparison...
An algebraic unified second-order moment (AUSM) turbulence-chemistry model of char combustion is introduced in this paper, to calculate the effect of particle temperature fluctuation on char combustion. The AUSM model is used to simulate gas-particle flows, in coal combustion in a pulverized coal combustor, together with a full two-fluid model for reacting gas-particle flows and coal combustion, including...
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