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Thickness variations of ILD CMP induced yield loss at wafer edge is simulated by 3D Sentaurus Interconnect, in order to achieve more authentic condition, we adopt the image contour extraction technique to stream the genuine contact contour gds together with STI, POLY, ML database. The results demonstrates that when the thickness is over 7k at wafer edge, there is no electric current found, and it...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) represent a new dimension in the field of networking. In this paper, an improved Genetic Algorithm is applied to the design of high performance multi-path routing protocol of WSN at the first time. The Algorithm consists of two stages: single-parent evolution and population evolution. The initial population is formed in the stage of single-parent evolution by using gene...
In order to reduce the size and improve the convergence of PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm, an improved PSO algorithm, called TPSO (two particles PSO) algorithm, is presented in this paper. The swarm is only composed of two particles in TPSO algorithm. The algorithm is guaranteed to converge to the global optimization solution with probability one. Its global search ability is enhanced...
Mathematical models were applied to predict the results of different strategies to improve automotive fuel cell driving systems. First, a fuel cell system was optimized on the base of a fuel cell stack model. Then calculations about the utilization of recovered energy from air exhaust steam were carried out. Two methods to combine the turbocharger with an electric compressor, namely in series and...
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