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Background
Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation often related to the effect of androgens in utero. While hypogonadism is associated with many potential health risks including metabolic and cardiovascular disease, the risk of clinical hypogonadism and comorbidities in men with hypospadias later in life has not been studied.
Objectives
Investigate the risk of hypogonadism and somatic comorbidities...
Background
It is not known if impaired fertility in men with hypospadias is caused by decreased semen quality or other factors. Semen quality in men born with hypospadias may be impaired due to effects of androgens or testicular dysgenesis but has been very little studied.
Objectives
To study semen quality in men with hypospadias using dizygotic twinning rates as an epidemiological indicator. We...
Background
Fertility in men with hypospadias may be affected due to anatomical, surgical, or etiological factors and associated conditions. Fertility is further influenced by psychosocial and genetic factors, often shared within families.
Objective
To evaluate fertility in men born with hypospadias and assess confounding by familial factors.
Materials and methods
A population‐based cohort of...
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