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We study a class of bilevel spanning tree (BST) problems that involve two independent decision‐makers (DMs), the leader and the follower with different objectives, who jointly construct a spanning tree in a graph. The leader, who acts first, selects an initial subset of edges that do not contain a cycle, from the set under her control. The follower then selects the remaining edges to complete the...
With the unbundling of power sector, the conflicting interests between different market entities (e.g. distribution company (DISCO) and DG owner (DGO)) can raise huge barriers for exploitation of renewable energies in an active distribution systems (ADS). To address this issue, a bilevel planning approach as a possible solution is presented in this study. The model considers the decision-making of...
Coordinating electricity sales with DSM implementation at planning stage after the integration of commercial energy services have become a significant issue for the decision-makers of utilities. Under this background, a novel Grid-side Integrated Resource Planning (GIRP) paradigm is proposed in this paper. Through the identification of key elements induced by the energy service and the interdependence...
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