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To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional method, a novel method was proposed to produce sodium pyroantimonate (NaSb(OH)6) with antimony trioxide by pressure oxidation in KOH solution. An E-pH diagram of the Sb-H2O system at different temperatures indicated that various forms of Sb (III) can be easily oxidized to Sb (V) in alkaline solution at high temperature, generating potassium pyroantimonate...
In this article, the methods of lithium salt and potassium salt were used to synthesize LiSb(OH)6. Meanwhile, LiSbF6 was also prepared by the methods of neutralized dissolution and hexafluoroantimonic acid. The relative contents of Li, Sb, and F in LiSb(OH)6 and LiSbF6 were determined, and the results showed these values were extremely similar to the theoretical values. The phases of the products...
A technical route for preparing sodium pyroantimonate by pressure oxidation in NaOH solution is proposed. The E-pH diagram of the Sb-H2O system shows that Sb(III) from antimony trioxide can be oxidized to Sb(V) to prepare sodium pyroantimonate under different alkaline concentrations. In the direct pressure oxidation technique, the product was doped with antimony trioxide due to the diffusion effect...
A novel process was proposed for the separation of Cu and As from Cu-smelting waste acid (CSWA). This process includes three steps, namely, the oxidization of As via the addition of H2O2, the selective separation of Cu through the use of Na2S, and the removal of As via the synthesis of scorodite. The CSWA was initially oxidized using H2O2 where the As(III) transformed into As(V). The oxidization of...
Antimony-bearing dust, a byproduct of the lead-smelting process, is an important secondary resource of antimony. A clean production process for producing NaSb(OH)6 by oxidation in an NaOH solution has been proposed to solve the difficulties of recovering antimony from antimony-bearing dust. First, antimony trioxide in the dust was leached into a sodium hydroxide solution. Then, the lead impurities...
Conventional cyanidation technology achieves low gold recovery when used to process refractory gold concentrate. Based on the geochemical characteristics of gold deposit mineralization, a new method is proposed herein for gold enrichment in antimony matte by smelting of refractory gold concentrate. The effects of the FeO/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2 ratios, smelting temperature, and smelting time on the gold...
Oxygen-rich side-blow bath smelting (OSBS) technology offers an efficient method for processing complex bismuth-lead concentrates; however, the element distributions in the process remain unclear. This work determined the distributions of elements, i.e., bismuth, lead, silver, copper, arsenic and antimony, in an industrial-scale OSBS process. The feed, oxidized slag and final products were collected...
A new process of sulfide precipitation under controlled potential was proposed to separate selectively similar metals in a Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) stripping solution of the Co extraction system. Theoretical calculations revealed that Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ could be separated by fractional precipitation with sulfide by controlling the solution potential and pH value simultaneously...
In this study, we report the recovery of metals from copper smelting dust by oxidation leaching and fractional precipitation technology. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching efficiencies achieved for Cu, As, Fe, Cd, and Zn are 93.4%, 94.2%, 39.7%, 98.1%, and 90.7%, respectively. Fractional precipitation technology is then employed for the recovery of Cu, As, Zn, and Cd from the leaching solution...
An environmentally friendly process for the selective extraction of zinc from refractory hemimorphite using iminodiacetic acid (H2Ida) as a complexing agent was investigated. Thermodynamic simulations demonstrated that the partially dissociated protons and amino carboxylate anions synergistically affect the dissolution of hemimorphite. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical...
In this article, the Ni-46.1Al-7.8Mo (at.%) alloy was directionally solidified at different growth rates ranging from 15 μm/s to 1000 μm/s under a constant temperature gradient (334 K/cm). The dependence of microstructural length scales on the growth rate was investigated. The results show that, with the growth rate increasing, the primary dendritic arm spacings (PDAS) and secondary dendritic arm...
This work investigates the characteristics of the oxygen-rich side blow furnace (OSBF) and the oxygen-rich bottom blow furnace (OBBF) as the reductive smelting reactor for molten high lead slag. The slags were collected from different sampling points of these furnaces during a regular high lead slag reduction process and analyzed. It is disclosed that lead content of the melt in the OSBF shows...
A series of stoichiometric NiAl alloys contain four different concentrations of Mo (7.8, 9, 13, 16 at.%) were directionally solidified in the Bridgman-type directional solidification furnace for four different growth rates (V = 1.5–6 μm/s) in a constant temperature gradient (G = 334 K/cm). the microstructures of the alloys produced with the different growth rates at a constant temperature gradient...
An efficient technology for low-grade bismuth-lead concentrate smelting is reported. In the process, two oxygen-rich side blow furnaces (OSBF) are used for oxidative smelting of the concentrate and reductive smelting of the oxidized slag from the upstream furnace, respectively. Slags are collected from the OSBFs by certain intervals during an operation period and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic...
Antimonial dust is a by-product of lead smelting and an important material for extracting antimony. A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from the antimonial dust is reported. The process mainly consists of three steps, which are reduction smelting, alkaline refining, and blowing oxidation. First, the reduction smelting of antimonial dust is carried out in an oxygen-rich bottom...
This work reports an efficient reactor, i.e., oxygen-rich side blow furnace (OSBF), for high-lead slag reduction. An OSBF with a cross-sectional area of 8.4 m2 was applied in an industrial-scale test and the results were compared with those from a traditional high-lead slag reduction reactor, i.e., blast furnace (BF), with which an additional electric heating fore well (EHFW) was connected for slag...
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