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Key messageRelative biomass of tree compartments is dependent on plant size and stand density, with stand density being an important predictor, especially for belowground biomass and at high stand densities. Abstract Estimation of biomass production is an important issue against the background of climate change and carbon storage. Even though many studies investigated the biomass productivity of...
Key message The study found an increased investment into stem growth (compared to root growth) if trees were surrounded by a complementary species. This response is consistent with known patterns about root–stem allometry under favorable conditions (humidity and stand density). Abstract The study investigated partitioning of resources between roots and stems in mono-species and mixed-species stands...
Key message Relevant CO2increase affects iWUE and growth potential of Alpine Norway spruce forests due to triggering of photosynthetic capacity. Minor effect on iWUE of tree size/age ontogenetic factors. Abstract An increase in European forest productivity has been widely reported, but evidences on its causal relationship with climate change are still scarce, though they are crucial to understand...
How tree morphology develops in mixed-species stands is essential for understanding and modelling mixed-stand dynamics. However, research so far focused on the morphological variation between tree species and neglected the variation within a species depending on intra- and interspecific competition. Our study, in contrast, addresses crown properties of nine mature Norway spruces (Picea abies [L.]...
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a critical threat to forest ecosystems. A stomatal flux-based risk evaluation methodology at the leaf level was established recently in the context of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). This study demonstrates improvement and validation of the stomatal flux-effect approach for adult beech with results from the 8-year free-air O3 enrichment...
In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of tree growth and water status in relation to climate of three major species of forest trees in lower regions of Bavaria, Southern Germany: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and common oak (Quercus robur). Tree-ring chronologies and latewood δ13C were used to derive measures for drought reaction across trees of different dimensions:...
We show the potential of a new method combining tree-ring analyses on stems and on coarse roots of individual trees in order to advance the understanding of growth dynamics in forest trees. To this end, we studied the root–shoot allometry of trees and its dependence on site conditions. Along a gradient in water supply in Southern Germany from dry to moist sites we selected 43 Norway spruce trees (...
Against a backdrop of increasing climate change, the effects of site conditions, drought events and ozone stress on the size-growth relationship in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) stands are analyzed. The size-growth relationship is represented by a straight line defined by intercept and slope of a simple linear equation with stem diameter at height...
The wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a species that does not exhibit fast natural pruning. Artificial pruning is consequently a prerequisite for the production of valuable timber, which is at the same time often accompanied by unwanted decay that decreases wood quality. This study aims to reveal the factors affecting the speed of branch stub occlusion, and the relationship between stub occlusion and...
A method that applies the terrestrial laser scanning to estimate leaf areas of individual trees in a mature conifer forest is presented. It is based on the theory of conventional optical LAI determinations, but refined for the inclusion of 3D depth information from the laser scanner. For each objective tree, we first used a single scan to measure local gap fractions beyond determined crown depths...
Long-term experimental plots of Norway spruce and European beech are investigated for a link between stand-level self-thinning and tree-level leaf biomass allometry. Self-thinning refers to the finding of Reineke (1933), who postulated for unthinned forest stands that $$ N = bd_q^\beta , $$ with β = −1.605; i.e. an increase of mean (quadratic) diameter dq by 1% results in a decrease of tree...
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