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Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with LaCl 3 , CeCl 3 , and NdCl 3 . Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, energy transfer from LHC II to PS II, excitation energy distribution from PS I to PS II, and fluorescence quantum yield around 680 nm. Compared with Ce treatment,...
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