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A method involving a two-dimensional (2-D) heat transfer model combined with a three-dimensional (3-D) coupled electromagnetic, fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification model has been developed to simulate the fluid flow and solidified shell remelting at the final stage of the billet continuous casting process. The electromagnetic force was coupled by loading into the momentum equation as the...
The leaching kinetics of the vanadium leaching process were investigated by the comparison of microwave heating and conventional heating methods. Microwave heating with CaF2 had a synergistic effect and improved the vanadium leaching efficiency. In contrast to conventional heating leaching, microwave heating accelerated the vanadium leaching rate by approximately 1–3% and by approximately 15% when...
In the vanadium metallurgical industry, massive amounts of ammonia hydroxide or ammonia salt are added during the precipitation process to obtain V2O5; therefore, wastewater containing a high level of NH4+ is generated, which poses a serious threat to environmental and hydrologic safety. In this article, a novel process was developed to recycle ammonia wastewater based on a combination of ammonia...
Fluorides are widely used to improve vanadium extraction from shale in China. Sulfuric acid baking–leaching (SABL) was investigated as a means of recovering vanadium which does not require the use of fluorides and avoids the productions of harmful fluoride-containing wastewater. Various effective factors were systematically studied and the experimental results showed that 90.1% vanadium could be leached...
A uniform secondary cooling pattern (USCP) for minimizing surface reheating of the strand is proposed herein, based on a two-dimensional model calibrated according to measured results. The calculated results reveal the following: appropriate extension of the secondary cooling zone significantly reduces longitudinal surface reheating of the strand; a 30° misalignment angle between two adjacent rows...
A new process of producing synthetic rutile from molten titanium slag with the addition B2O3 is proposed. The process includes a molten modification process and a leaching process. The molten modification process was conducted by adding B2O3 into molten slag. The leaching process was conducted by adding hydrochloric acid and subsequent NaOH. The results show that CaO and MgO are leached out by hydrochloric...
To improve separation of V(IV) and Al(III) from aluminum-rich sulfuric acid leaching solution of stone coal, the two-stage separation by crystallization and solvent extraction methods have been developed. A co-extraction coefficient (k) was put forward to evaluate comprehensively co-extraction extent in different solutions. In the crystallization stage, 68.2% of aluminum can be removed from the solution...
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