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In vivo studies have suggested that the κ opioid system can partially inhibit the development of physical dependence to μ agonists. Vice versa, activation of μ receptors may inhibit the expression of physical dependence to κ agonists. We studied μ-κ interactions in the isolated guinea-pig ileum (GPI). In the isolated GPI briefly exposed to μ or κ agonists the addition of the respective antagonists...
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