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In this paper we propose a design of a class of robotic legs (known as “Ninja legs”) that enable amphibious operation, both walking and swimming, for use on a class of hexapod robots. Amphibious legs equip the robot with a capability to explore diverse locations in the world encompassing both those that are on the ground as well as underwater. In this paper we work with a hexapod robot of the Aqua...
We study the problem of distributing a single global task between a group of heterogeneous robots. We view this problem as a fair division game. In this setting, every robot defines a preference function over parts of the task according to its sensing and motion capabilities. These preferences are described by density functions over the task. With such interpretation, we want to find an allocation...
We discuss the problem of automatically discovering different acoustic regions in the world, and then labeling the trajectory of a robot using these region labels. We use quantized Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) as low level features, and a temporally smoothed variant of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to compute both the region models, and most likely region labels associated with each...
In this paper we examine pursuit-evasion games in which the pursuer has higher speed than the evader. This scenario is motivated by visibility-based pursuit-evasion problems, particularly by the question of what happens when the pursuer loses visual track of the moving evader. In these cases the pursuer has two options for recovering visual contact with the evader: to perform search over the possible...
In this paper we examine the interplay between terrain classification accuracy and gait in a walking robot, and show how changes in walking speed can be used for terrain-dependent walk optimizations, as well as to enhance terrain identification. The details of a walking gait have a great influence on the performance of locomotive systems and their interaction with the terrain. Most legged robots can...
For underwater swimming robots, which use the unconventional method of oscillating flippers for propulsion and control, being able to move stably at various velocities is challenging. This stable motion facilitates navigation, avoids blurring the images taken by a camera motion, and enables long-term observations of specific locations. Previous experiments with our swimming robot Aqua have shown that...
We address the problem of arranging a meeting (or rendezvous) between two or more robots in an unknown bounded topological environment, starting at unknown locations, without any communication. The goal is to rendezvous in minimum time such that the robots can share resources for performing any global task. We specifically consider a global exploration task executed by two or more robots. Each robot...
In this paper we describe a heterogeneous multi-robot system for assisting scientists in environmental monitoring tasks, such as the inspection of marine ecosystems. This team of robots is comprised of a fixed-wing aerial vehicle, an autonomous airboat, and an agile legged underwater robot. These robots interact with off-site scientists and operate in a hierarchical structure to autonomously collect...
We describe a model of “trust” in human-robot systems that is inferred from their interactions, and inspired by similar concepts relating to trust among humans. This computable quantity allows a robot to estimate the extent to which its performance is consistent with a human's expectations, with respect to task demands. Our trust model drives an adaptive mechanism that dynamically adjusts the robot's...
We address the problem of path planning for robot missions based on waypoints suggested by multiple human users. These users may be operating under distinct mission objectives and hence suggest different locations for the robot to visit. We formulate this problem using a constrained optimization approach by imposing various operational considerations, such as the robot's maximum traversable distance...
We are interested in the task of online summarization of the data observed by a mobile robot, with the goal that these summaries could be then be used for applications such as surveillance, identifying samples to be collected by a planetary rover, and site inspections to detect anomalies. In this paper, we pose the summarization problem as an instance of the well known k-center problem, where the...
In the problems of localization using inaccurate maps, navigation agents have to match available information from sensors to maps in order to find their locations. A map contains a set of constraints that can be expressed in the form of a graphical model that matching algorithm has to satisfy. There are two generally categories of constraints: absolute and relative. We propose a relaxation-based algorithm...
This paper presents an adaptation of a vision and inertial-based state estimation algorithm for use in an underwater robot. The proposed approach combines information from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in the form of linear accelerations and angular velocities, depth data from a pressure sensor, and feature tracking from a monocular downward facing camera to estimate the 6DOF pose of the vehicle...
We present MARE, an autonomous airboat robot that is suitable for exploration-oriented tasks, such as inspection of coral reefs and shallow seabeds. The combination of this platform's particular mechanical properties and its powerful software framework enables it to function in a multitude of potential capacities, including autonomous surveillance, mapping, and search operations. In this paper we...
We present MARE, an autonomous airboat robot that is suitable for exploration-oriented tasks, such as inspection of coral reefs and shallow seabeds. The combination of this platform's particular mechanical properties and its powerful software framework enables it to function in a multitude of potential capacities, including autonomous surveillance, mapping, and search operations. In this paper we...
This paper presents an adaptation of a vision and inertial-based state estimation algorithm for use in an underwater robot. The proposed approach combines information from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in the form of linear accelerations and angular velocities, depth data from a pressure sensor, and feature tracking from a monocular downward facing camera to estimate the 6DOF pose of the vehicle...
In this paper we focus on the task of summarizing observations made by a mobile robot on a trajectory. A navigation summary is the synopsis of these observations. We pose the problem of generating navigation summaries as a sampling problem. The goal is to select a few samples from the set of all observations, which are characteristic of the environment, and capture its mean properties and surprises...
We describe the design and implementation of a fiducial marker system that encodes data in the frequency spectrum of a synthetic image. This distinctive approach to marker synthesis and data encoding allows for partial data extraction in adverse imaging conditions, and can significantly extend the detection range through graceful data degradation. Additional digital encoding and image construction...
The idea of an online visual vocabulary is proposed. In contrast to the accepted strategy of generating vocabularies offline, using the k-means clustering over all the features extracted form all the images in a dataset, an online vocabulary is dynamic and evolves iteratively over time as new observations are made. Hence, it is much more suitable for online robotic applications, such as exploration,...
Algorithmic problem reduction is a fundamental approach to problem solving in many fields, including robotics. To solve a problem using this scheme, we must reduce the problem into another one for which solutions exist. The reduction function, which infers a conformation between the problem and the solution space, plays an important role in solution evaluation and is sometimes used to transform the...
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