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The More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept has been introduced as part of the process of reducing the environmental impact of air travel. Incorporating more electrical systems including motor drives has become increasingly attractive researched. High power density across the complete system is a key factor in the realization of this technology. This paper considers a motor drive sizing procedure with...
This paper describes a new approach to multi-parameter monitoring for electrical AC machines. It is demonstrated that speed, torque and temperature can be measured using optical fibres incorporating sensors in the form of fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) distributed around the machine. One fibre can incorporate several FBGs and hence provide several measurements. Experimental results showing speed, torque,...
The equivalent circuit approach has been widely exploited for the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic devices. However, in the field of classical wound-field synchronous generators, the presence of the damper cage complicates the analysis of such devices and the accurate prediction of the inherent induced currents is still matter of ongoing research. 12Focus is given to the accurate prediction...
Hybrid sensorless control solutions can offer the possibility of closed loop vector controlled operation when it is impractical or sometimes even impossible to rely on typical position sensors for position feedback. The hybrid approach combines the complementary benefits of mathematical model approaches and saliency tracking methods to allow operation across the entire speed range with the ability...
Objective of this paper is to provide design recommendations to improve the performance and power density of a 400kVA salient-pole synchronous generator, without exceeding the limitations due to critical parameters such as total harmonic distortion of the no-load voltage. Preliminarily, a finite-element analysis of the considered machine is carried out, aiming at validating the inherent model against...
Although power quality aspects of electrical machines have been extensively studied and investigated for a large number of years, room for improvement still exists in the field of classic, wound-field, synchronous generators. This paper proposes an innovative method of power quality improvement for single-phase synchronous generators in which the usual DC field current is replaced by a calculated...
Optimisation algorithms hold the potential to dramatically reduce computational time whilst ensuring the optimal solution is found. Within this paper, the feasibility of using this novel approach on complex 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics models, which are required for thermal management of electrical machines, is proven. A model of a simplified generator is parameterised with the aim of minimising...
This paper proposes an analytical model that considers the torque characteristics for high specific torque synchronous machine with outer rotor and a Halbach permanent magnet array. The distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap is obtained with a linear assumption by solving Neumann's problem. The analytical model presented in the paper allows preliminary estimation and fast optimization of...
This paper proposes a novel Continuous Quantum Immune Clonal Optimization (CQICO) algorithm for thermal optimization on an 117kW high speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG). Via mixing the Quantum Computation into the Immune Cloning Algorithm, the new algorithm is benefited with better population diversity, higher global searching ability, and faster convergence which approved by simulation results...
This paper highlights the armature design considerations for an ultra-high speed PM generator (UHPMG) used in turbine applications considering the efficiency and manufacturability. Via the transient electromagnetic fields analyzing, the electromagnetic performance of a 5 kW UHPMG is investigated, and the obtained results are verified by the experimental data on the prototype in same operating. Then,...
This paper proposes an analytical model that considers the torque characteristics and results in an optimum geometry for dual-stator synchronous machines with permanent magnets. The distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap is obtained by solving Neumann's problem by using Green's function. The results of the study shows that the dual-stator topology of synchronous machine with permanent magnets...
This paper details the design process of a high performance electrical machine with the objective of achieving US Department of Energy FreedomCar 2020 targets, namely meeting the high speed efficiency requirement without sacrificing performance elsewhere. The FreedomCar targets are detailed, with a short discussion of the challenges involved. All feasible machine topologies are considered, and qualitatively...
The More Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept has set tight constraints for power density and efficiency of electromechanical actuators in aircraft applications. In order to comply with these high power standards, new wide-bandgap (SiC and GaN) semiconductor devices may be exploited. Unfortunately, the extremely short switching times of these devices can easily trigger high frequency ringing voltage at...
This paper highlights the armature structures in a 60 krpm high speed PM generator along with the investigations on the variations of machine electromagnetic and thermal performance caused by stator structure. By using the transient electromagnetic field researches, the leakage flux generated by the yoke back windings is studied, whilst at the same time investigating on back EMF and loss distribution...
Wide-bandgap devices are under the spotlight of scientific research as they exhibit great performance in terms of efficiency and temperature operation. However, to fully exploit their characteristics, dedicated driving circuits are needed. High-power gate-insulated switching devices exhibit important input capacitance; when fast switching speeds are demanded, high-current pulses are needed to drive...
This paper presents a high-speed drive to be used for electrically-assisted turbo charging in an internal combustion engine. The electrification of the turbo-charger system can enhance the performance and reduce the dynamic drawbacks that affect conventional solutions i.e. turbo-lag. However, the design of the electric drive presents some challenges, especially related to the thermally aggressive...
The concept behind the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) is the progressive electrification of on-board actuators and services. It is a way to reduce or eliminate the dependence on hydraulic, mechanical and the bleed air/pneumatic systems and pursue efficiency, reliability and maintainability. This paper presents a review of the main stress factors affecting the lifespan of insulation materials in aerospace...
This paper presents considerations for the design of high performance, interior permanent magnet machines for traction applications. These machines will be designed to reach the FreedomCar 2020 targets set by the US Department of Energy for the year 2020 for traction machines, considering both concentrated and distributed wound designs. The paper presents a trade-off study of a wide range of motor...
This paper details a qualitative comparison between different types of electrical machine for hybrid electric vehicle traction applications. Targets set by the US Department of Energy for the year 2020 are used as goals. Several types of machine for this application will be discussed, focusing on the benefits and challenges of each machine when applied to these targets. Then the machines are compared...
This paper considers the feasibility of equipping the main landing gears with electric motors for the aircraft traction during the taxi phase. Those electromechanical wheel actuators make possible a “Green Taxi” operation by considerably reducing the on-ground carbon emission. Moreover, this will enable important fuel saving for short distance flights with high frequency of landing and take-off. In...
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