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Aim
This study aimed to assess the extent to which the association between recent alcohol consumption and risk of non‐traffic injury varies according to location at the time of the injury.
Design
Case–cross‐over design.
Setting and participants
A total of 15 625 injury patients from 49 emergency departments (EDs) in 22 countries.
Measurements
Recent alcohol consumption and location at the time...
Aim
To compare the injury alcohol‐attributable fractions (AAFs) estimated using emergency department (ED) data to AAFs estimated by combining population alcohol consumption data with corresponding relative risks (RRs).
Design
Comparative risk assessment.
Setting and participants
ED studies in 27 countries (n = 24 971).
Measurements
AAFs were estimated by means of an acute method using data...
Background and Aims
Societal‐level volume and pattern of drinking and alcohol control policy have received little attention in the alcohol and injury literature. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between alcohol‐related injury, individual‐level drinking variables, country‐level detrimental drinking pattern and alcohol policy.
Design
Probability samples of emergency department...
Background and Aims
Epidemiological trends show marijuana use in the United States to have increased in recent years. Previous research has identified cohort effects as contributing to the rising prevalence, in particular birth cohorts born after 1945. However, given recent policy efforts to regulate marijuana use at the state level, period effects could also play a contributory role. This study...
Background and aims
Most studies reporting alcohol use among fatally injured victims are subject to bias, particularly those related to sample selection and to absence of injury context data. We developed a research method to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test correlates of alcohol use prior to fatal injuries.
Design, Setting and Participants
Cross‐sectional study based on...
AimsTo estimate changes in liquor sales occurring in Washington, USA and bordering states following the privatization of government controlled liquor stores.
DesignTrend analyses of data from January 2009 to October 2014 of a natural experiment beginning 1 June 2012, when liquor prices increased and the number of stores selling liquor increased in the state of Washington. Difference‐in‐differences...
Aims
To calculate the alcohol‐attributable fraction (AAF) of injury morbidity by volume of consumption prior to injury based on newly reported relative risk (RR) estimates.
Design
AAF estimates based on the dose‐response RR estimates obtained from previous pair‐matched case‐crossover fractional polynomial analysis of mean volume in volume categories were calculated from the prevalence of drinking...
AimsTo update and extend analysis of the dose–response relationship of injury and drinking by demographic and injury subgroups and country‐level drinking pattern, and examine the validity and efficiency of the fractional polynomial approach to modeling this relationship.
DesignPair‐matched case–cross‐over analysis of drinking prior to injury, using categorical step‐function and fractional polynomial...
AimsTo estimate age‐period‐cohort models predicting alcohol volume, heavy drinking and beverage‐specific alcohol volume in order to evaluate whether the 1976–1985 birth cohorts drink relatively heavily.
DesignData from seven cross‐sectional surveys of the USA conducted between 1979 and 2010 were utilized in negative binomial generalized linear models of age, period and cohort effects predicting alcohol...
AimsThis study compares current 12‐month drinkers who do not report drinking in the last 30 days with current drinkers who drank in the last 30 days and assesses possible misclassification errors from use of a 30‐day consumption measure.
DesignData are from the 2005 US National Alcohol Survey (n = 6919), a national household probability survey.
SettingTelephone interviews were used to measure alcohol...
Aim While drinking in the event is an important factor in injury occurrence, the pattern of usual drinking may also be important in risk of injury. Explored here is the relationship of an alcohol‐related injury with an individual usual drinking pattern.
Design Alcohol‐related injury is examined using hierarchical linear models, taking into account individual usual volume of consumption over the...
Aims In Brazil, a new law introduced in 2008 has lowered the blood alcohol concentration limit for drivers from 0.06 to 0.02, but the effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents remains uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of this enactment on road traffic injuries and fatalities.
Design Time–series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling.
Setting State...
Aims To estimate the overall impact of alcohol on ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in the United States using aggregate‐level models and to consider beverage‐specific effects that may represent more effectively the changes in drinking patterns over time that are related to both harmful and protective impacts of alcohol consumption on IHD.
Design Several model specifications are estimated,...
Aims To replicate the finding that there is a single dimension trait in alcohol use disorders and to test whether the usual 5+ drinks for men and 4+ drinks for women and other measures of alcohol consumption help to improve alcohol use disorder criteria in a series of diverse patients from emergency departments (EDs) in four countries.
Design Cross‐sectional surveys of patients aged 18 years and...
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