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An overview of DMT modulation in short-reach, optical intensity-modulated and direct-detection channel is presented and impairments limiting DMT performance, such as clipping distortion, quantization noise, and thermal noise are introduced and discussed.
A real-time 56-GBaud PAM-4 serial optical transmission link over 2km SSMF is presented using in-house developed SiGe PAM-4 driver and clock-and-data recovery integrated circuits demonstrating BER values down to 2e-7.
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