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We demonstrate that using a broadband pump enables forward-propagated first order distributed Raman amplification by mitigating RIN-associated penalty. This extends the reach of 10 × 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK WDM transmission up to 7499 km, compared with other commercially available pumps. Moreover, using this Raman scheme maintains uniform/symmetric signal power distribution and requires low pump power.
A novel design of a broadband discrete Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifier is proposed. A broadband signal of 84 channels across 75 nm is experimentally amplified and the gain contribution of each amplifier stage is shown. The amplifier consists of a discrete Raman amplifier using a DCF fibre pumped at three 14×× nm wavelengths, which is followed by a 1480 nm pumped erbium doped fibre. An average gain of...
In this paper, gain, noise and nonlinear performance characterization of cascaded broadband discrete Raman amplifiers with different gain fibre combinations is presented. We numerically demonstrate the design of a backward-pumped cascaded dual stage broadband (∼70 nm) discrete Raman amplifier with high gain (∼19 dB), low noise (∼ 6 dB noise figure) and lower nonlinear penalty by optimizing two different...
The capacity of Erbium-doped amplifiers (EDFA) systems is rapidly being approached, and thus research is increasing in alternative technologies which can deliver broader gain spectrum than EDFAs to increase system capacity [1]. Fiber Raman Amplifiers (FRAs) provide gain in any spectral region provided that a suitable pump and fiber are available. Distributed amplifiers using the transmission fibre...
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