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With the development of the smart grid and the increasement of the electric vehicles (EVs) market penetration besides the construction of EV battery switching stations, the large amount of retired batteries shall form a significant issue in the near future. Therefore the secondary service of the retired EV batteries is critical for the adoption of the EVs and the economical operation of the power...
A multiple-input converter (MIC) is devoted to combining on-board energy sources in the electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid-electronic vehicles (HEVs). By analyzing the structure of the single-input converters, the basic cells including the pulsating source cells (PSCs), the buffer cells (BCs) and the output filter are proposed for deriving various MIC topologies. MIC can be categorized into two lists,...
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