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Two of the major issues in current computer systems are energy consumption and how to explore concurrent systems in a correct and efficient way. Solutions for these hazards may be sought both in hardware and in software. Phase-Change Memory (PCM) is a memory technology intended to replace DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memories) as the main memory, providing reduced static power consumption. Their main...
This paper describes Concurrent Migration of Multiple Pages (CMMP), a new hardware-software mechanism for managing hybrid main memory (DRAM+PCM). CMMP migrates multiple pages concurrently without significantly affecting the memory bandwidth available to applications. CMMP provides a simple interface for the OS to observe memory access patterns. CMMP reduces PCM-to-DRAM transfer bandwidth by copying...
The size of main memory in modern computers is approaching energy and scalability limits. Combining DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM) has been proposed to increase capacity and reliability, and to decrease energy consumption. Software-managed hybrid memory is a promising way to incorporate NVM in main memory due to its architectural simplicity. However, there are significant performance issues caused...
Due to scalability and energy consumption, the use of DRAM as the only main memory technology in modern computers is becoming increasingly less appealing. Researchers have proposed combining DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM) in main memory to increase capacity and reduce energy consumption. Due to its architectural simplicity, software-managed hybrid memory is a promising way to incorporate NVM....
Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a synchronization method proposed as an alternative to lockbased synchronization. It provides a higher-level abstraction that is easier to program, and that enables software composition. Transactions are defined by programmers, but the runtime system is responsible for detecting conflicts and avoiding race conditions. Phase Change Memory (PCM) is a new technology...
Given that power is one of the biggest concerns of embedded systems, many devices have replaced DRAM with non-volatile Phase Change Memories (PCM). Some applications need to adhere to strict timing constraints and thus their temporal behavior must be analyzed before deploying them. Moreover, modern systems typically contain multiple cores, causing an application to incur significant delays due to...
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) has been the best technology for main memory for over thirty years. In embedded space applications, radiation hardened DRAM is needed because gamma rays cause transient errors; such rad-hard memories are extremely expensive and power hungry, leading to lower life (or increased battery weight) for satellite and other devices operating in space. Despite these problems, DRAM has been...
The introduction of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) as a main memory technology has great potential to achieve a large energy reduction. PCM has desirable energy and scalability properties, but its use for main memory also poses challenges such as limited write endurance with at most 107 writes per bit cell before failure. This paper describes techniques to enhance the lifetime of PCM when used for main...
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