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This paper presents an extended thin-wire model for simulating lightning surge or wave propagation on lossy round wire structures. The wire structures are represented with time-domain cascade circuits, and are integrated into a traditional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) thin-wire model for the simulation. The model for solid round conductors, cylindrical tubes, and coaxial conductors is provided,...
This paper presents an improved 3-D self-consistent stochastic model for downward stepped leader in negative cloud-to-ground lightning. The characteristics of a stepped leader, such as bending, step length, step pause interval and leader speed, are described by a series of equations and criteria, leading to a stochastic and step-wise growth of 3 dimensional leader channels. Lightning parameters, such...
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