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This paper proposes class-based generalization and specialization. The attributes common to subclasses (superclasses, respectively) are inherited upward (downward) to the superclass (subclass) in the ordinary generalization (specialization). The attribute name of the superclass is the same as that of the subclass. In the class-based generalization (specialization, respectively), the names of the attributes...
The semantic generalization and the semantic specialization have been proposed. These enable a shape graph, which corresponds to a relation schema in the relational data model, to have elements which are different from those of the original shape graphs, but are semantically related to them. To this end, viewpoints and relationship lattices have been introduced as the hierarchies of concepts and relationships...
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