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We fabricate mode-group-selective photonic lanterns using multimode graded-index fibers. The use of the multimode graded-index fibers in the taper can significantly relax the adiabaticity requirement in comparison with using single-mode fibers.
Laser-inscribed 3-D waveguide (3DW) technology has been applied to realize photonic-lantern spatial multiplexer (SMUX), which potentially enables lossless mode (de)multiplexing. However, the index contrast Δn between the transparent substrate and the spatially-inscribed waveguides by femto-second laser pulses is generally smaller than $6 \times 10^{-3}$. It is simulated that a 3DW SMUX with $\Delta {\rm n} < 6 \times 10^{-3}$...
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