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Wireless communication will play an increasingly important role in future factory automation and process control, where the presence of mobile autonomous devices is expected to grow. However, wireless links are prone to errors due to shadowing and multi-path fading, which is even more severe in dynamic environments. These problems can be attenuated by using a mesh backbone to which mobile node connect...
There is a growing interest in developing embedded systems capable of being deployed in dynamic environments that may change in unpredictable manners. When such systems are Distributed Embedded Systems (DESs) they must exhibit flexibility at all levels of their architecture, including the network. On the other hand, there is a clear trend in industry towards using Ethernet-based protocols at the network...
The resource reservation techniques provide effective means to lower the software complexity, ensure predictability and allow flexibility during the development and execution of complex distributed embedded systems. In this paper we propose a new end-to-end resource reservation model for distributed embedded systems. The model is comprehensive in such a way that it supports end-to-end resource reservations...
Industrial applications have been shifting towards wireless multi-hop networks in recent years due to their lower cost of deployment and reconfiguration compared with their wired counterparts. These wireless networks usually must support real-time communication to meet the application requirements. For this reason, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are potential candidates for industrial applications...
Ethernet is gaining importance in fields such as automation, avionics and automotive. In these fields novel multimedia-based applications must coexist with traditional control systems, which leads to high diversity in size, intensity and timing requirements of the traffic traversing the channel. Multimedia traffic is characterised by having large size, low intensity and soft real-time requirements,...
The ability of reconfiguring a system during runtime is essential for dynamic real-time applications in which resource usage is traded online for quality of service. The HaRTES switch, which is a modified Ethernet switch, holds this ability for the network resource, and at the same time it provides hard real-time support for both periodic and sporadic traffic. Although the HaRTES switch technologically...
Complexity in the real-time embedded software domain has been growing rapidly. The component-based software development approach facilitates the development process of such software systems by dividing a complex system into a number of simpler components. Resource reservation techniques have been widely used for providing resources to real-time software components. In this paper we target real-time...
With the growth of complexity in the embedded domain, the use of distributed systems to support multiple realtime applications has become commonplace. These applications may share processor and network resources, and real-time scheduling policies can guarantee that these applications do not interfere with each other's ability to meet their temporal constraints. We believe that these applications should...
On-the-fly adaptability and reconfigurability are recently becoming an interest in real-time communications. To assure a continued real-time behavior, the admission control with a quality-of-service mechanism is required, that screen all adaptation and reconfiguration requests. In the context of switched Ethernet networks, the FTT-SE protocol provides adaptive real-time communication. Recently, we...
In the context of switched Ethernet networks, multi-hop communication is essential as the networks in industrial applications comprise a high amount of nodes, that is far beyond the capability of a single switch. In this paper, we focus on multi-hop communication using HaRTES switches. The HaRTES switch is a modified Ethernet switch that provides real-time traffic scheduling, dynamic Quality-of-Service...
Distributed Embedded Systems are subject to transient communication faults that need being detected and mitigated in safety-critical scopes. This paper addresses error recovery in time-triggered systems based on the Controller Area Network (CAN). It extends a recent work that proposed using online traffic scheduling, combined with servers, to implement dynamic message retransmissions. In particular,...
Distributed embedded systems have traditionally been designed using static approaches, i.e., assuming a static environment. Such approaches, however, cannot guarantee continuous operation under dynamic environments that impose new requirements upon a system as time passes. As a solution, flexible approaches have been proposed. One such approach that allows a system to adapt to changing real-time requirements...
Hierarchical scheduling is instrumental to efficiently deploy component-based designs and achieve composability. It allows partitioning resources into multiple levels, hiding the complexity within each partition behind its respective interface. In this paper we focus on the network resource, particularly on Ethernet using ordinary COTS switches, and we show how hierarchical scheduling can be efficiently...
The complexity of Networked Embedded Systems (NES) has been growing steeply, due to increases both in size and functionality, and is becoming a major development concern. This situation is pushing for paradigm changes in NES design methodologies towards higher composability and flexibility. Component-oriented design technologies, in particular supported by server-based scheduling, seem to be good...
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