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There is a growing interest in developing embedded systems capable of being deployed in dynamic environments that may change in unpredictable manners. When such systems are Distributed Embedded Systems (DESs) they must exhibit flexibility at all levels of their architecture, including the network. On the other hand, there is a clear trend in industry towards using Ethernet-based protocols at the network...
Ethernet has been gaining momentum as the network technology supporting complex embedded systems. In this work-in-progress paper we recover a previous proposal for using the FTT-SE protocol to provide hierarchical traffic scheduling using sporadic servers and thus support component-based design approaches. In particular, we carry out initial steps towards the timing analysis of such composition, identifying...
Ethernet is gaining importance in fields such as automation, avionics and automotive. In these fields novel multimedia-based applications must coexist with traditional control systems, which leads to high diversity in size, intensity and timing requirements of the traffic traversing the channel. Multimedia traffic is characterised by having large size, low intensity and soft real-time requirements,...
The ability of reconfiguring a system during runtime is essential for dynamic real-time applications in which resource usage is traded online for quality of service. The HaRTES switch, which is a modified Ethernet switch, holds this ability for the network resource, and at the same time it provides hard real-time support for both periodic and sporadic traffic. Although the HaRTES switch technologically...
On-the-fly adaptability and reconfigurability are recently becoming an interest in real-time communications. To assure a continued real-time behavior, the admission control with a quality-of-service mechanism is required, that screen all adaptation and reconfiguration requests. In the context of switched Ethernet networks, the FTT-SE protocol provides adaptive real-time communication. Recently, we...
In the context of switched Ethernet networks, multi-hop communication is essential as the networks in industrial applications comprise a high amount of nodes, that is far beyond the capability of a single switch. In this paper, we focus on multi-hop communication using HaRTES switches. The HaRTES switch is a modified Ethernet switch that provides real-time traffic scheduling, dynamic Quality-of-Service...
Distributed embedded systems have traditionally been designed using static approaches, i.e., assuming a static environment. Such approaches, however, cannot guarantee continuous operation under dynamic environments that impose new requirements upon a system as time passes. As a solution, flexible approaches have been proposed. One such approach that allows a system to adapt to changing real-time requirements...
There is an increasing trend towards using switched Ethernet in real-time distributed systems due to features like absence of collisions and high throughput. Nevertheless, a few problems persist, in particular related to priority inversion and limited length in queues. In this paper we focus on a protocol which uses a master-slave technique over standard switched Ethernet in order to overcome such...
Video applications, which include industrial uses like machine vision, object tracking, surveillance, driving aids, etc. are becoming increasingly common. These sensors produce large amounts of data, being normally compressed at the source nodes to save network bandwidth. As a side effect, video streams exhibit a large variability in their bandwidth utilization. On the other hand, many video applications...
Ethernet switches are increasingly used in real-time distributed systems as a technical solution to guarantee the timeliness in communications. However, there are still limitations related to real-time behavior caused by the limited number of priority levels and the possibility of memory overruns with consequent message losses. These limitations can be eliminated using a master/slave technique such...
Nowadays, most complex embedded systems follow a distributed approach in which a network interconnects potentially large numbers of nodes. One technology that is being increasingly used is switched Ethernet, but real-time variants of this protocol typically limit scalability. In this paper, we focus on the scalability of the Flexible Time Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE), which...
Cyber-Physical Networked Systems (CPNS) are systems that integrate a multitude of nodes that perform computations for the sake of interacting with, or controlling, a physical process. The network plays an important role in CPNS supporting the interactions among the distributed nodes that enable the collaborative work towards the application goals. Some systems, e.g., target tracking systems, require...
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