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The carrier frequency offset (CFO), destroying the orthogonality between subcarriers, greatly degrades the performance of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system. One of the most frequently used ways for a CFO estimator design is to adopt maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation, achieving high accuracy tightly close to the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). One of the ML-based algorithms,...
To jointly track frequency drift (or fine frequency offset) and channel state variation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications over mobile wireless channels, the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation techniques are commonly adopted. A major difficulty arises from the highly nonlinear nature of the log-likelihood function which renders local extrema or multiple solutions...
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