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As the penetration of small scale generators increases in distribution networks, the controllability of these systems, especially at Low Voltage (LV) level, is becoming more and more important. Several research studies proposed the adoption of the On-Load-Tap-Changer at the Secondary Substation transformer to enhance the voltage control, thus several commercial products are now available. This paper...
Distribution networks are increasingly hosting embedded generators, most of them converting renewable energy primary sources. These units are usually interfaced with the main network by means of static power converters. Grid codes have recently introduced stabilizing functions to engage distributed plants in supporting the main system stability during network events and consequent voltage/frequency...
The increasing penetration of distributed generation has lead international authorities to integrate the rules for the connection of active end-users to distribution networks. Thus, power regulating functions aiming at supporting the voltage and frequency stability of the main grid have been recently introduced in European grid codes. In this paper, the consequences of adopting such regulating functions...
The number of small scale distributed generators installed in the distribution network has dramatically grown, especially in Low Voltage networks. In these systems, the unevenly distributed power flow through the three-phases may even worsen due to single-phase connected DGs, causing voltage deviations and unbalance. In this paper, a control strategy for Low Voltage networks management is presented...
The distribution network modeling is of great importance on power system analysis, considering both power quality and network stability. Computational effort reduction is one of the main targets for the network equivalent representation, even if results reliability remains a key point to be verified. In this paper an improved model is proposed, based on the most commonly used composite load models...
Due to the significant growth of distributed generators connected to the distribution networks, these systems might reach their technical limits requiring new investments. Since a large number of such units is interfaced with inverters to the grid, several research works proposing strategies to coordinate DERs in regulation schemes have been presented. In this work, a distributed control strategy...
The number of small power Distributed Generation (DG) units connected to the distribution networks has increased particularly for photovoltaic (PV) applications. According to recently issued Italian standards, each DG unit is allowed to participate in the active and reactive power regulation, using specifically defined P-f and Q-V droop characteristics. Furthermore, these standards have introduced...
The increasing diffusion of embedded generators on distribution systems leads to the idea of managing portions of the network operating in islanded mode for overcoming emergency conditions. To this aim, it becomes essential to have reliable control strategies for the different types of generator and loads. In this paper some issues regarding the dynamic control of frequency and voltage in MV islanded...
The increasing number of inverter-based Distributed Generator (DG) units connected to both MV and LV distribution networks can be used as a resource in order to overcome some emergency conditions. The presence of different inverter-based DG units could introduce issues regarding the management of intentional islanded networks, therefore reliable inverter control strategies for islanded operation assume...
The increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution electrical systems may cause alteration of voltage profiles on the lines. Traditionally, distribution networks with radial configuration are designed as a passive top-down architecture where voltage regulation is mainly performed by an On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) transformer located at the Primary Substation. Therefore it becomes...
In this paper, an internet-like procedure for power management of MV electrical networks with responsive busses is presented. This procedure is based on the “token ring” internet protocol and considers a multi-level co-ordination of all active customers. It aims at reducing the complexity of distributed networks management while ensuring free customer participation in services for the grid support...
A widespread diffusion of Electric Vehicles plugged into distribution networks is strongly dependent on the establishment of a suitable co-ordinated management of all active resources in the grid. Vehicle-to-grid technology, allowing bidirectional power flows of on-board batteries, would enable a responsive behaviour of vehicles. EVs aggregators, such as swapping stations and car parking, could provide...
In a smart grid scenario, electrical networks are bound to evolve towards an internet-like model, where every node is connected each other, responsive to any signal, flexible and price-smart. A novel power management system should also ensure the customer participation in services for the grid support on the basis of network signals. The proposed methodology is a “token ring” internet-like procedure...
The ever growing connection of different types of Distributed Generation (DG) in electrical distribution networks makes the issue of regulation and co-ordination more stringent. In this paper, an iterative procedure is presented to manage storages and distributed multi-generation devices. The operational optimisation is focused on providing, at minimum overall production cost, electric and thermal...
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