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Elevation measurement using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of fundamental techniques in remote sensing. The cross-track Interferometric SAR (InSAR), which is the most popular technique of elevation measurement using SAR, uses the phase differences between the signals received by SAR antennas. Single-pass InSAR can be achieved by a single platform with two antennas. InSAR requires Ground Control...
The usefulness of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) cross-track Interferometry for ocean wave measurement is examined using airborne SAR. Though the 2-dimensional spectrum of intense image is influenced by the geometric relation between illuminating directions, the 2-dimensional spectra of ocean surface topography with different illuminating directions agree each other. The result indicates the usefulness...
NICT developed the airborne X-band SAR system (Pi-SAR2) in 2008. It has polarimetric and interferometric functions with high spatial resolution of 0.3m. We demonstrated volcano monitoring using DEM generated by single-pass interferometry function of Pi-SAR2. In this paper we describe coherent change detection by repeat-pass interferometry function of Pi-SAR2. We improved the repeatability of flight...
Elevation measurement using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of crucial applications in remote sensing, since the use of SAR in elevation measurement makes it possible to measure a wide range of planar area. Most of conventional methods need Ground Control Points (GCPs) to achieve accurate 3D measurement, where GCP acquisition is a time-consuming and cost-intensive task. Addressing the above...
Elevation measurement using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of crucial applications in remote sensing, since the use of SAR in elevation measurement makes it possible to measure a wide range of planar area and not to set any monitoring device on the ground. Most of conventional methods need Ground Control Points (GCPs) to achieve accurate 3D measurement, where GCP acquisition is a time-consuming...
An X-band airborne SAR, Pi-SAR2, has been developed by NICT. It can make polarimetric and interferometric observation with very high spatial resolution of 0.3m. Since 2013, NICT has carried out collaborating observations on research proposals selected for the Pi-SAR2 Research Announcement. Polarimetric SAR data analysis is a key issue among them, therefore we have made polarimetric calibration in...
This paper addresses the evaluation of the digital elevation model (DEM) generated by single pass SAR interferometry using an X-band airborne SAR (Pi-SAR2). In this paper we describe the evaluation experiments by using corner reflectors and show the result of the height accuracy on DEM by the cross-track interferometric function of Pi-SAR2.
Many parameters are required for the measurement of the sea surface currents and the sea levels simultaneously by the along-track interferometry SAR (AT-InSAR). To estimate the elevation or the sea levels from the signals observed by the AT-InSAR, the method for synthesizing these received signals was developed. To evaluate the estimation method, the ground surface was observed by the cross-track...
A heavy rainfall was observed by the NICT X-band airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Pi-SAR2. In the Pi-SAR2 image there are features attributed to both backscattering from the rainfall and attenuation by the rainfall, as published for the TerraSAR-X (spaceborne X-band SAR) obaservation. Those features induced by the rainfall are evaluated with the Pi-SAR2 polarimetric image data. It is also...
To detect the moving targets such as cars or ships, we developed along-tack interferometric SAR (AT-InSAR) system and added its function on NICT airborne SAR. Our AT-InSAR can measure the moving targets in the single (VV) and dual (VV and VH) polarization. The dual polarization mode has more degree of freedom compared to the single polarization mode. The preliminary experiment for verifying its performance...
This paper addresses the generation of the digital elevation model (DEM) by radar interferometry using an airborne SAR data observed from different directions. We demonstrate monitoring an active volcano (Mt. Shinmoe, Japan) by radar interferometry of Pi-SAR2. We improved the part of shadow on DEM by using SAR data observed from four different directions. Furthermore we detected the change of ground...
The volcanic monitoring by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is useful because of the independence of smoke and the weather. The airborne SAR developed by NICT (Pi-SAR2) has excellent character of high resolution, fully polarimetry and interferometric function. Pi-SAR2 is more effective to monitor a volcano. In this paper we describe the monitoring of the active volcano, Mt. Shinmoe in Japan. Mt. Shinmoe...
The damaged Area by tsunami at the great east Japan earthquake in 2011 was observed by the airborne X-band SAR system (Pi-SAR2). In this paper we describe the polarimetric character of the damaged area and detect the damaged area from the SAR image on March. Moreover we use the change of SAR images between March and August to evaluate the damaged area detected by the polarimetric character.
In the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), we have developed an Xband airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Pi-SAR2. It can produce polarimetric SAR data with 0.3 meter spatial-resolution. The data will be useful to estimate damage, when natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur, and to mitigate it. It needs polarimetirc calibration to...
A 9.0-magnitude earthquake occurred off the pacific coast of Tohoku area of Japan, in March 2011. Accompanied with the subsequent tsunami, it caused a lot of casualties and damages in the coast area. We conducted urgent observations of the damaged areas with an airborne X-band SAR system, Pi-SAR2, immediately after the earthquake, on March 12 and the following dates. The Pi-SAR2 is a fully polarimetric...
The great east Japan damaged the east coast of Japan severely. NICT conducted urgent observations of the damaged areas by an airborne X-band SAR system (Pi-SAR2: polarimetric and interferometric SAR 2). In this paper we describe the detection of the damaged area by the earthquake and tsunami with polarimetric SAR data of Pi-SAR2. The space resolution of Pi-SAR2 is 0.3 m (slant-range) [1][2]. These...
The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) developed an airborne X-band SAR system (Pi-SAR2: polarimetric and interferometric SAR 2) to monitor the earth's environment and disasters [1]. Pi-SAR2 has polarimetric and interferometric functions with high spatial resolution of 0.3m [2]. In this paper we describe the single-pass interferometric function of Pi-SAR2 and show...
In the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan (NICT), we have developed an advanced X-band airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, Pi-SAR2, since 2006, to succeed the X-band polarimetirc and interferometric airborne SAR, Pi-SAR. The Pi-SAR2 has a higher spatial resolution of 0.3–0.6 m in the azimuth direction and 0.3–0.5 m in the range direction, as well as...
The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been utilized for monitoring natural disaster areas because the SAR observation can be performed irrespective of the daylight and weather conditions. To reduce the time from observation to distributing SAR images to the headquarters for disaster control and disaster area, we have developed an onboard processor which is capable of doing a full-spec processing...
To analyze the coastal environment, the ocean surface wind field with high spatial resolution is one of important factors. The high spatial resolution of SAR agrees well to measure the wind field in coastal ocean. In this paper, the dependency of the normalized radar cross section in the X — and L-band on wind direction is analyzed under high and low wind speed conditions. As a result of this study,...
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