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The objective of this paper is to identify a synchronous generator's internal voltage, dq-axis reactances using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data obtained at the terminal bus of the generator. Our approach is to firstly classify the PMU data into inputs and outputs and then identify the relationship between the inputs and the outputs. With different classifications and different assumptions on salience,...
The objective of the paper is to implement alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve a nonconvex alternating current optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem. There is no guarantee of convergence for ADMM when it is applied to a nonconvex optimization problem. In this article, we not only present the procedure of consensus ADMM implementation on an AC OPF problem for IEEE 14-bus system...
In this paper, system identification is carried out for a 20 kWh battery using real-world measurements data. State-of-charge (SOC) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) relationship will be obtained using least square estimation (LSE) non-linear regression. In addition, how to estimate SOC using current measurements and how to estimate the equivalent circuit's RC parameters are carried out using autoregressive...
This paper proposes a novel robust cascade structure which has better performance when the transmission line undergoes a perturbation. Cascade control structure is normally used when the control procedure can be split into two (or more) cascaded parts. Compared with the conventional cascade control structure which has a limited ability to handle the perturbation in the plant model, the novel structure...
Parameter identification of a synchronous generator based on Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data requires autoregressive exogenous (ARX) models. This paper presents ARX model derivation and validation of two synchronous generator models. The first one is a third-order ARX model including electromechanical dynamics, turbine-governor dynamics and primary frequency control. Input of the model is power...
This paper reviews the types of cyber attacks in state estimation as well as detection and protection schemes. Recent studies show that adversaries can not only generate attack vectors, which can bypass the conventional detector, but can also optimize the attack vector to compromise least number of sensors. We examined four types of attack in state estimation process. Then, we examined least effort...
In this paper, we reviewed several forms of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for distributed power system computing. The major focus is on ADMM based distributed parallel optimization algorithm which is feasible to be implemented in power network. Firstly, we introduced the general form of ADMM, and extend the 2-block ADMM to N-block multi-block ADMM. Next, we focus on two distributed...
This article presents an important finding: the parameters of secondary frequency control based on integral or proportional integral control can be tuned to achieve economic operation and frequency regulation simultaneously. We show that if the power imbalance is represented by frequency deviation, an iterative dual ascent based economic dispatch solving is equivalent to integral control. An iterative...
In this article, a general Benders Decomposition is applied to solve a stochastic mixed integer programming formulation (SMIP) to obtain the optimal sizing of a photovoltaic system (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) to power a Residential Heating Ventilation and Air- Conditioning System (HVAC). The uncertainty of PV-output is stochastically modeled using different scenarios with the probability...
This paper presents an optimization problem of siting capacitors in a power network to achieve economic benefits. The formulated optimization problem is a nonlinear mixed integer programming problem. In order to find an approximate optimal solution, Benders decomposition is adopted. The optimization problem will be decomposed into a main problem and a subproblem. The subproblem determines dispatch...
Voltage-sourced converter (VSC) is becoming the key element in the operation of microgrids due to its high performance and efficiency. However, implementing VSC may generate some issues to the microgrid such as high common mode voltage (CMV). CMV could produce high leakage current and bearing failure in case of motor load. This paper develops a solution for high CMV using reduced CMV-PWM algorithm...
USF Smart Grid Power System Lab (SPS) has developed an hardware-in-loop (HIL) SCADA testbed. This paper describes several communication/control architectures of the testbed with different hardware/software combinations. This testbed will be used to test energy management schemes, power grid cyber attack and mitigation strategies. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) synchronized with the common GPS reference...
Slight unbalance in voltage in a distribution system can result in high unbalance in currents due to induction machine loads. Further, a wide spectrum of harmonic components will be generated in currents due to uncontrolled power electronic loads employing diode-bridge rectifiers. Power quality becomes a critical issue for a microgrid if both induction machine loads and rectifier loads exist. Mitigation...
This paper employs impedance-model-based frequency domain analysis to detect subsynchronous resonances (SSR) in Type 3 wind farms with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The contributions of this paper are (i) the derivation of dynamic phasor based TCSC impedance model and (ii) the application of such impedance model in Type 3 wind energy systems for SSR analysis. Impedance models for TCSC...
In a smart grid platform, where more distributed resources are joining everyday and each of them wills to keep its own privacy and shares as less information as possible with the grid management, there is a motivation for transition from the current centralized structures to more distributed ones. In this paper, a distributed method is presented to solve DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) for radial networks...
This paper presents an integrated control and switching scheme for a grid-connected modular multilevel converter (MMC). The control consists of the conventional vector control (outer PQ control, inner line current control) used in two-level voltage source converters (VSCs) and additional circulating current mitigation control. Circulating currents in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) will be eliminated...
In this paper, least square estimation (LSE)-based dynamic generator model parameter identification is investigated. Electromechanical dynamics related parameters such as inertia constant and primary frequency control droop for a synchronous generator are estimated using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data obtained at the generator terminal bus. The key idea of applying LSE for dynamic parameter estimation...
This paper investigates the application of sweeping method in initializing the state variables of an unbalanced radial distribution system for small signal analysis. The unbalance is caused by a single-phase PV system. The system is composed of a three-phase induction machine (IM), a single-phase PV, a load, and a power factor correction (PFC) unit. The IM is modeled in positive-, negative-, and zero-...
Starting of large induction motors may produce voltage dip in a weak microgrid because of high current and reactive power demand in transient period. This paper develops a solution for black start issue of an Induction Motor (IM) using Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) interfaced source in an autonomous microgrid. This paper provides procedures and techniques for controlling the VSC. First, a dynamic...
In this paper, a real time model of the microgrid with an energy storage system has been implemented in RT-Lab. Coordinated control of the battery storage system with a PV system is simulated. To be more realistic, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed has been implemented with a real battery cell (3.2-V, 40-Ahr) connected to the real-time simulation model of the microgrid. A programmable current source...
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