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In this study, space-time distribution of the pulsed electric field in the middle atmosphere above a positive Γ-shaped lightning stroke was described where the current wave moves initially vertically and turns horizontally afterwards. In a vertical electric dipole, radiation arrives which was followed by the horizontal dipole. Combined with reflection from the perfectly conducting ground, the source...
The monitoring and/or sounding of lightning discharges and their associated phenomena (mesospheric optical emissions etc.) has been performed by radio and optical measurements. We pay attention to the winter lightning in the Hokuriku area (Japan Sea side) of Japan, because it is extremely important to investigate whether lighting discharges in the Hokuriku area (whole spatial scale is relatively small...
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