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A 6.6 dBi-gain Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is used for off-body channel measurement at 60 GHz. Statistical scenario-based measurements are more suitable to assess Body Area Network (BAN) communication since they include both the environment and the antenna behaviors. Measurements are performed for four scenarios and two antenna positions. Results are discussed and compared with...
Several studies have examined the propagation losses of the Human Body Communication (HBC) channel. However, a general agreement has not be found yet. In this paper, the complete S-matrix of the HBC channel is measured on an human subject using two kinds of electrode devices. The data is integrated in a lumped element model, which allows to take into account for the capacitive return path of realistic...
The augmenting need for remote monitoring and treating patients by biophysical sensors interconnected via Body Area Networks (BAN) has recently called researchers' attention. The private and confidential transferred data in such application require high information security. One of the solutions is to use human body as a transmission channel. The body surface-confined transmission restricts the off-body...
We propose here a Doppler-radar implementation at 60 GHz for contactless monitoring of vital signs (respiration and heartbeat). In order to provide a real-time detection of non-stationary vital signs and critical events, an estimation technique is here used by means of a wavelet transform of the received signals. Moreover, the amplitudes of the relevant vital movements can be deduced by the wavelet...
Polynomial chaos expansions are used to analyze the propagation of uncertainties on array parameters in Angle-of-Arrival estimation performed by the MUSIC algorithm.
Serious games have been established as a complementary tool for conventional rehabilitation. This trend proved to be beneficial for both experts and patients since the first are able to assign and monitor virtual reality games for their patients to be executed at home, and the latter are greatly motivated by the challenges of these games rather than the repeatable and boring rehabilitation movements...
This paper presents an approach to estimate body movements related to vital activities by means of a 60 GHz Doppler radar, using robust optimization algorithms. Several different scenarios are simulated and numerical reconstruction results are reported. The optimization algorithm is shown to be more convenient and less sensible to perturbations than a direct spectrum analysis of baseband signal.
A planar end-fire H-plane Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is designed for 60 GHz on-body channel measurements. The proposed antenna radiates with a polarization normal to the human skin, and yet exhibits a low profile. Furthermore, a 6.1 GHz bandwidth (S11 < −10dB) is achieved, which enables wide-band channel characterization. The antenna has been fabricated and its performance...
This paper presents a low profile wideband diamond dipole antenna backed with an Artificial Magnetic Conductor. The paper addresses the problem of drop in the broadside gain due to the split in the radiation pattern at some particular frequencies within the operation bandwidth. A solution is proposed by using a hybrid Artificial Magnetic Conductor that can effectively cancel this effect. The resulting...
Creeping wave theory is re-visited for BAN (Body Area Network) channel modeling. The formulation takes the characteristics of both antenna and human tissues into account. The field density at a certain distance from the radiating antenna can be directly determined by input power and on-body antenna gain. It is observed that the complicated on-body antenna gain measurement can be replaced by measuring...
The increasing interest for the millimeter wave spectrum (30 GHz to 300 GHz) is due to the large bandwidth available for wireless, high throughput technologies. One of the key applications will be the cooperation with existent wireless technologies at lower frequencies in indoor environments. The propagation channel should be studied along with a human body in the closeness of the mobile device, since...
This communication presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out at 60 GHz to demonstrate that porcine skin can be used at 60 GHz as a phantom for the human body. Norton formulations above a flat human body are verified using porcine skin.
This communication studies the path gain in a new defined Near Body Zone at 4.5 GHz. Measurement are performed around a human subject to collect the received power in three half circular sectors extending from 5 to 35 cm from the body surface. A linear path gain model is derived and discussed.
This paper presents a new human influence model for 60 GHz close-to-user communications. The model is based on both Geometrical Optics results and a modified creeping wave formulation. It is applied in an indoor environment and the mean attenuation of the channel with the human body presence is calculated. As expected, it is shown that the attenuation is highly affected by the user orientation with...
In this paper, a 60-GHz H-plane horn antenna is designed and studied in the context of Body Area Network (BAN). Targeting both size reduction and bandwidth widening, we obtain an optimal design that meet a good tradeoff between compactness, matching, bandwidth and multimode propagation. The study of return loss is conducted considering the dimensions of the horn antenna.
In the field of 60~GHz high data rate wireless and Body Area Networks communications, fast computation and accurate analytic models are required to predict the budget link. In this paper, an indoor off-body channel model restricted to TE polarization transmitters and receivers is studied numerically. Some channel properties are extracted and compared to the indoor channel to study the impact of the...
This communication addresses power issues at physical layer in Body Area Networks. Friis equation is discussed by taking into account body path loss and antenna efficiency from frequency ranging from 400 MHz to 60 GHz. Then power balance is presented for fixed antenna dimensions and varying frequency in order to establish a balance.
A new method for indoor localization at 60 GHz is proposed. This method is based on the extraction of the TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival), using a MISO system. With this method, unlike conventional TDOA measurements, it is possible to perform communication and localization at the same time by transmitting two identical UWB OFDM signals using two antennas at the TX and extracting TDOA from the interference...
A creeping wave model of the propagation of electromagnetic waves around human torso at 60 GHz is presented. The theoretical model should be of interest for Wireless Body Area Networks design at 60 GHz, if the nodes are located on different side of the torso. Both vertical and horizontal polarizations are investigated. Results of a measurement campaign confirm theoretical predictions.
In the field of 60 GHz high data rate wireless and Body Area Networks communications a fast computation and accurate analytical model for creeping waves is described in this paper. The scattering of a plane wave by a perfectly conducting cylinder (PEC) is presented. It is shown that at 60 GHz higher creeping waves modes can be neglected. The model is then compared with experimental results.
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