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A new strategy has been developed for the synthesis of spirofluorenyl benzosultams through the annulation of aryl iodides with cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines. This method uses a readily available PdII catalyst for the activation of aryl C–H bonds to facilitate the annulation process. Pd is cheaper than other transition metal catalysts commonly used for the C–H activation, such as Ir and Rh. This approach...
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal gets corrupted with artifacts, such as 50/60 Hz power line interference (PLI), electromyogram (EMG) and baseline wander, making it difficult to diagnose the cardiac abnormalities. This paper presents autoregressive (AR) modelling of cumulants for enhancement of ECG signals. Higher order spectral (HOS) cumulants possess many properties that make it an effective tool for...
Arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), a vital measure of amount of oxygen that is dissolved in blood, is estimated using commercial pulse oximeter by recording the Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals. Ever since the invention of pulse oximetry, reliable and accurate estimation of arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) has been a challenging problem for researchers. Mostly inaccurate estimation...
Arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is effectively measured by the pulse oximeter. The common cause of pulse oximeter failure, in error- free SpO2 estimation, is motion artifact (MA) corruption in the detected PPG signals. For a reliable and a low failure rate SpO2 estimation, the pulse oximeters must be provided with a clean artifact-free PPG signals with clearly separable DC and AC parts from...
Continuous monitoring of respiratory activity is required in many clinical settings from emergency departments to operating theatres and high dependency intensive care units. Current techniques such as nasal thermistors, capnography and monitoring of transthoracic impedance are prone to movement artifact or difficult to use in a continuously ventilating patient. To help overcome some of these problems,...
A pulse oximeter measures the arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). The common cause of oximeter failure in computing error- free SpO2 is motion artifact (MA) corruption in the detected PPG signals. In order to have a low failure rate, the pulse oximeters must be provided with a clean artifact-free PPG signals with clearly separable DC and AC parts from which the SpO2 is computed in time domain...
Clinical Investigation of hypoxic status of the patients requires accurate information about the heart rate and oxygen saturation of arterial blood. Pulse oximeters are widely used for monitoring these parameters by recording the raw pulse oximeter signal, namely Photoplethysmogram (PPG). The recorded PPG Signal acquired using PPG sensors are usually corrupted with Motion Artifacts (MA) due to the...
In high risk situations such as cardiac arrhythmias, ambulatory monitoring, stress tests, sleep disorder investigations and post-operative hypoxemia situations, monitoring of respiratory activity would be mandatory. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals can be used for extraction of respiratory activity, and will eventually eliminate the use of additional...
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