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Coupled cavity TWT performance has been modeled using 1D (CHIRISTINE-CC) and 2D (TESLA-CC) approaches. The codes' predictions have been compared in detail for regimes for which application of both codes is valid. It was found that the level of code agreement depends primarily on beam current (beam perveance). The codes predict almost identical gain for the small current regime while differences in...
We present a new MICHELLE software module (eBEAM) that is capable of high accuracy simulations of electron beams with stochastic space charge effects. In modeling low current electron beam systems such as electron beam lithography, nanolithography and electron microscopy, it is necessary to simulate ensembles of individual electrons to account correctly for the statistical effects of inter-particle...
Summary form only given. An 18-beam, seven-cavity multiple-beam klystron ("MBK3") has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory and is designed to produce a peak rf output power of >500 kW over a 400-MHz frequency band centered at 3.1 GHz. The amplifier operates in the TM01 fundamental mode, with the 18 beamlets clustered around the axis of the device in two concentric rings of...
Modeling low current electron beams with high accuracy presents a number of novel challenges to existing simulation tools. For applications that use currents of the order of microamperes, such as electron beam lithography, nanolithography, electron microscopy and quality inspection, it is necessary to simulate ensembles of individual electrons to account correctly for the statistical effects of inter-particle...
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