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This paper presents theory and analysis of single-tip field emission and electron beam propagation in the electrostatic focusing fields. It is shown that two gate apertures with a focusing anode allow transport of narrow electron beams over long distances without need for a confining magnetic field. Physical mechanisms of the beam formation, transport, intrinsic emittance with thermal effects, the...
There is a significant level of effort by SAIC and BWR, funded by ONR & JTO, to enhance the three dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) electrostatic timedomain (ESTD) particle-in-cell (PIC) code MICHELLE to provide modeling and simulation of the interaction of electron emission sources in the presence of electromagnetic cavity fields. These enhancements have direct importance to the free-electron...
This paper presents analysis of the electron beam propagation in transverse radial electrostatic field. It is shown that combination of the inward and outward forces acting on the beam electrons can create favorable conditions for stable transport of equilibrium high current electron beam without need for the confining magnetic field. Physical mechanisms of the beam formation, transport, and stability...
The MICHELLE code is a Finite-Element Electrostatic Particle in Cell code for application to 2D and 3D particle beam formation, transport, and collection. Although its initial development focus had been for DC electron guns and depressed collectors, other applications such as RF electron guns, ion thrusters, photocathodes and e-beam lithography have become a recent focus. The MICHELLE code's ability...
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