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Sonar generated acoustic signals transmitted in underwater channel for distant communications are affected by numerous factors like ambient noise, making them nonlinear and non-stationary in nature. In recent years, the application of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique to analyze nonlinear and non-stationary signals has gained much attention. It is an empirical approach to decompose a signal...
Underwater signal transmission is a challenging task since the usable frequency range is limited to low frequency and the transmission of electromagnetic waves was impossible due to its high attenuation nature. Hence low frequency acoustic signal is more suited for transmission in underwater. Underwater transmission is highly affected by wind noise which is predominant at low frequency. The real time...
Underwater signal transmission is a challenging task since the usable frequency range is limited to low frequency and the transmission of electromagnetic waves is impossible due to its high attenuation nature. Hence low frequency acoustic signal is more suited for transmission in underwater. Underwater transmission is highly affected by wind noise which is predominant at low frequency. The real time...
In the underwater communication, the biggest challenge is to reduce the masking effect of underwater ambient noise. The main objective of this paper is to develop an optimum modified LMS adaptive algorithm for accurate detection of underwater acoustic signal, which is prone to the effect of ambient noise in the near and far seas. Comparative analyses on various algorithms are performed. This modified...
Underwater wireless communication is an emerging technique in the field of communication. It is used to transfer data between underwater instruments. Electromagnetic signals are highly attenuated in the ocean because of their higher frequency. Sound waves on the other hand, propagate very well in underwater. Underwater communication is very challenging since the underwater channel contains various...
In this paper, a low-cost test methodology for dynamic specifications of high precision sigma-delta (ΔΣ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is presented. Dynamic testing of ADCs requires an input test stimulus with total harmonic distortion (THD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) about 10 dB better than the ADC under test. ΔΣ ADCs are inherently high resolution converters with excellent THD and SNR...
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