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This paper presents the design of a two-stage CMOS differential voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCO). The VCO is designed to operate as a module of the frequency synthesizer in a PLL to generate the local oscillator (LO) of a multi-band acquisition system, providing quadrature output. The goal is a wide operating frequency tuning range of 440 MHz-1.4 GHz in the VCO with low power consumption,...
The goal of this paper is to present a transistor optimization methodology for analog integrated CMOS circuits, based on the physics-based gm/ID characteristics provided by the ACM compact MOS model. This methodology is implemented in a design tool, exploiting all the design space with the use of simulated annealing optimization process. A single technology dependent curve and accurate expressions...
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