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This publication shows an approach for absolute, unambiguous distance measurements with a Six-Port radar at 24 GHz. Such an interferometric radar has the drawback of ambiguity problem concerning phase, limiting the measuring distance to half of the used wavelength. This can be solved with the presented dual tone system using the resulting beat frequency between two tones to determine an absolute position...
Millimeter-wave frequency-agile front-ends capable of operating at different frequency bands offer an attractive solution for multiband communications. In this paper we present a fully integrated wide-band quadrature receiver covering the two point to point communication bands from 71 to 76 GHz and 81 to 86 GHz and the automotive radar band at 77 GHz. The receiver was fabricated using a low-cost SiGe...
This work discusses the design of a 60ps delay element for UWB analog signals ranging from 0.05 up to 8GHz. The design is implemented using active architecture design which have the advantage of being very compact in area compared to the passive architectures. The proposed architecture is flexible and can be cascaded to have a delay of up to 200ps with a maximum insertion loss of 3dB. The circuit...
This paper presents the possibility to measure the blood sugar content detecting different ultrasonic velocities in water-glucose mixtures by using two ultrasonic transducers. With the transmission-trough technique and a fixed transducer distance the required wave propagation time can be measured precisely. The ultrasonic actor transducer, excited at the same frequency of f = 2 MHz during different...
This paper presents two fully integrated differential programmable power amplifiers for automotive radar applications at 77GHz. The power amplifiers were fabricated in a silicon-germanium technology featuring bipolar transistors with an ft/fmax of 200GHz/250GHz. Measurements have been performed for different temperatures, in particular at −40°, 27° and 125°. A maximum gain of 10 dB is achieved for...
In this paper an octave bandwidth frequency synthesizer operating from 50 to 100 GHz is presented. The complete proposed system is fabricated using a low-cost SiGe technology with an ft/fmax of 200/250 GHz. The frequency synthesizer employs a single wideband VCO core, with a tuning range above 30%, and a single SSB-mixer with a pass-through mode of operation. This low complexity in the design is highly...
This paper presents a single-chip octave-bandwidth signal source covering a frequency band from 15GHz to 32GHz. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.35 µm SiGe bipolar technology with an ft/fmax = 170/250GHz. An array of four cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillators with subsequent frequency ranges is implemented. The oscillator cores only draw 13mA from a 3.3V supply. Another 13mA is drawn by following...
This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art read-out circuits for integrated millimeter-wave reflectometers in silicon technology. Different architectures based on homodyne or heterodyne lock-in detection, six-port passive networks, and sampled-line approaches are introduced and their respective circuit implementations are presented. Furthermore, the application potential of these integrated...
This paper presents a microwave (MW) test-set designed for biomedical in-line concentration measurements. The demonstrator consists of a commercial voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with an output power of up to +12.0 dBm, feeding an asymmetric 4 way power divider. A fraction of 0dBm of the VCO output is driving three I-Q mixers, which realizes a homodyne vector network analyzer. Dual directional...
In this article, a design of extended hemispherical lenses at 61 GHz with an air cavity is presented. Using air cavity above the primary feed in an extended hemispherical lens is a simple and low-cost solution to reduce size and minimize weight of lens without affecting the radiation characteristic and the input impedance of a radiating element which is located at the lens focus. We perform analysis...
One of the most significant figures of merit concerning a power amplifier is its efficiency. However, the behavioral models of power amplifiers are mainly focused on the functional aspects, but not on current consumption. Therefore, simulations with respect to the efficiency of a power amplifier cannot be accomplished at the system level. To close the gap of simulation capabilities, this article proposes...
In this paper, a novel procedure to estimate and compensate the delay between power amplifier's input and output waveforms is described. The proposed method has been developed in order to achieve fast computation and simple implementation that are required in state of the art mobile applications. In addition, the modular approach adopted offers high flexibility and enables further future improvements...
This paper presents two fully integrated differential programmable power amplifiers for automotive radar applications at 77GHz. The power amplifiers were fabricated in a silicon-germanium technology featuring bipolar transistors with an ft/fmax of 200GHz/250GHz. Measurements have been performed for different temperatures, in particular at −40°, 27° and 125°. A maximum gain of 10 dB is achieved for...
Vibration measurement and detection is of great interest for many sensor applications and stress diagnosis in diverse industrial environments. An innovative mechanical vibration analysis based on the Six-Port receiver as a microwave interferometer radar is hereby proposed. Due to the excellent phase discrimination properties of the Six-Port receiver a very high accuracy in the vibration detection...
Two-dimensional Direction Of Arrival detection (DOA) of an arbitrary electromagnetic wave is a challenging task, especially if high accuracy has to be performed. The proposed DOA receiver is based on a phase detector using the interferometric Six-Port principle. For the proposed system an improved power detector concept using a High Electron Mobility Transistor has been developed featuring strictly...
Vibration measurement and detection is of great interest for many sensor applications and stress diagnosis in diverse industrial environments. An innovative mechanical vibration analysis based on the Six-Port receiver as a microwave interferometer radar is hereby proposed. Due to the excellent phase discrimination properties of the Six-Port receiver a very high accuracy in the vibration detection...
This paper presents a novel procedure to dynamically calculate the polynomial coefficients for memoryless digital predistortion (DPD) of power amplifiers (PAs) in mobile handsets. The basic idea is to calculate the adjacent channel interference during the operation time and to adapt the DPD coefficients in order to minimize the spectral regrowth. This is different to state of the art approaches, which...
In this article, we present the feasibility of an antenna concept at the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band for a two-channel 61 GHz transceiver in embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) technology. The eWLB is an innovative package solution for high-frequency and high-performance applications. We present both simulation and measurement results of antennas which are integrated in the...
In this article, we present the feasibility of an antenna concept at the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band for a two-channel 61 GHz transceiver in embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) technology. The eWLB is an innovative package solution for high-frequency and highperformance applications. We present both simulation and measurement results of antennas which are integrated in the...
This paper describes a new approach for absolute, high accuracy and fast responding millimeter wave frequency measurement. The shown system is based on the reduction of the frequency detection to a phase measurement with a delay line and a subsequent determination of the phase. By using a Six-Port structure, this phase can be evaluated very precisely, leading to a accurate frequency detection. Another...
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