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Cognitive radio has become a promising technology in recent times as it facilitates the opportunistic use of the frequency spectrum, a precious resource in the communications arena. In this regard, cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) couple the features of ad hoc networks with cognitive radio technology in order to make the use of spectrum efficient, opportunistic, and dynamic. Ironically, however,...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a lot of inexpensive sensors that have a limited energy resource. Many applications including environment monitoring use a clustering approach for efficient energy consumption. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is the most famous one of clustering protocols, which enables the balanced consumption of energy to prolong network lifetime. In LEACH,...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have appealed to researchers due to their wide range of application areas such as target detection and tracking, environment monitoring, and tactical systems. For WSNs, various medium access control (MAC) protocols with different objectives have been proposed. Designing energy-efficient MAC protocols has a significant influence on the network lifetime in WSNs. However,...
In sensor networks, clustering protocol such as LEACH is an efficient method to increase whole networks lifetime. However, this protocol result in high energy consumption at the cluster head node. Hence, this protocol must changes the cluster formation and cluster head node in each round to prolong the network lifetime. But this method also causes a high amount of energy consumption during the set-up...
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