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Polymeric microneedles fabricated via two‐photon polymerization (2PP) lithography enable safe medical access to the inner ear. Herein, the material class for 2PP‐lithography‐based microneedles is expanded by pyrolyzing 2PP‐fabricated polymeric microneedles, resulting in glassy carbon microneedles. During pyrolysis the microneedles shrink up to 81% while maintaining their complex shape when the exposed...
Glassy carbon microneedles are pyrolyzed from polymeric microneedles that are synthesized by two‐photon polymerization lithography as described in the article number 2201222 by Jeffrey W. Kysar and co‐workers. They enable precise and controlled perforation of a guinea pig’s round window membrane that separates the middle ear and inner ear spaces. The perforations open a potential pathway for the delivery...