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To improve the reliability of wind turbines, various condition monitoring systems (CMSs) have been developed and most of them transmit data using wired communication channels. Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used to transmit data in wind turbine CMS due to the low cost and easy deployment feature of WSNs. However, since wind turbines are installed in harsh environments, the sensors...
Sparse representation of massive condition monitoring signals is an effective approach to save the cost for data storage and transmission in fault diagnosis of wind turbines. This paper explores a sparse representation method over a new dictionary designed particularly for bearing vibration signals of wind turbines operating under varying-speed conditions. First, the time-varying shaft rotating frequency...
Fault diagnosis of drive train gearboxes is a prominent challenge in wind turbine condition monitoring. Many machine learning algorithms have been applied to gearbox fault diagnosis. However, many of the current machine learning algorithms did not provide satisfactory fault diagnostic results due to their shallow architectures. Recently, a class of machine learning models with deep architectures called...
This paper introduces a novel tunable inductor whose inductance can be adjusted continuously in a large range. The new inductor has one winding wrapped on a magnetic flux valve (MFV) and two C-cores attached to each side of the MFV to form a closed magnetic circuit. Its inductance can be altered continuously by applying an external control voltage on the MFV. This paper presents the concept, configuration,...
A phasor measurement unit (PMU)-based wide area monitoring and control (WAMC) system is an essential part of the next-generation smart power grid. The performance of a WAMC system largely depends on the time delay of transmitting data through the communication network used by the WAMC system. This paper proposes a time delay model of the WAMC system. The model considers the time delays caused by data...
This paper discusses the design considerations of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) for structural vibration reduction. The characteristics of vibration in SRMs at both non-resonant and resonant conditions are presented. Significant design variables for vibration reduction without sacrificing torque output are identified by performing a sensitivity analysis based on Design of Experiments (DoEs)...
Prognostic health management is an effective approach to enhance the reliability and reduce downtime of rotating machines, such as wind turbines. To achieve effective health management, fault prognosis is indispensable. This paper proposes a fault prognostic method for drivetrain gearboxes, which are one of the most troublesome subassemblies in wind turbines. The proposed method consists of signal...
The wind power converter alternative evaluation is a key aspect in decision making process in wind energy conversion system (WECS) planning and design. This work developed the life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model for wind power converter with a case study on a 2 MW system considering two semiconductor device alternatives: silicon (Si) devices and silicon carbide (SiC) devices. The developed LCCA...
This paper proposes a new scalable and reconfigurable battery pack (SRBP), which consists of reconfigurable battery modules (RBMs) and a buffer inductor. Two SRBPs are then connected in series to form a single phase of a multiphase scalable and reconfigurable battery system (SRBS). The SRBS has a flexible interface with external systems with an adjustable DC or a multilevel AC voltage output and is...
This paper proposes a fault detection and isolation (FDI) method for current and rotor position sensors in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) of a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed method detects current sensor faults based on the principle of power conservation, and then isolates the fault using a trigonometric function-based signal estimation algorithm. The rotor...
In traditional battery systems, a large number of battery cells are usually connected in series and parallel with a fixed topology during operation to supply the desired voltage and current. However, this fixed configuration has low reliability, low fault tolerance, and voltage imbalance issue. This paper proposes a new modular and reconfigurable battery pack (MRBP) consisting of reconfigurable battery...
Gearboxes are widely used in rotary machines, such as wind turbines, automobiles, and helicopters. Failures of gearboxes contribute to a significant portion of the total failures and downtime in these machines. Gearbox fault diagnosis is an effective means to prevent catastrophic failures, improve the reliability, and reduce the downtime and maintenance cost of these machines. Vibration-based approaches...
This paper proposes a new fault detection and identification framework for drivetrain gearboxes of wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) based on the fusion of DFIG stator and rotor current signals. First, the characteristic frequencies of gearbox faults in DFIG stator and rotor currents are analyzed. Different time- and frequency-domain features of gearbox faults in...
Adjustable-voltage-ratio (AVR) magnetoelectric transformer is a new type of power transformer whose voltage ratio between the output and input can be adjusted continuously from the minimum value (e.g., zero) to the maximum value designed. Therefore, given an input voltage with fixed amplitude, the AVR transformer can output one or multiple AC voltages with continuously adjustable amplitudes from zero...
This paper proposes a novel current/voltage sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) method for wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) based on the power balance principle. The proposed method uses the sensor-measured signals to calculate the imbalanced power in the power converters of a WECS, which is then used as the indicator for sensor fault detection. The fault isolation process is started...
Gearbox faults are a leading reliability issue in wind turbines. Generator current-based methods have been successfully used in gearbox fault diagnosis and have shown advantages over the traditional vibration-based techniques in terms of implementation, cost, and reliability. This paper proposed a new generator stator current-based fault diagnostic method for the gearboxes in doubly-fed induction...
This paper proposes a novel vibration and current information fusion-based fault diagnostic method for drivetrain gearboxes. First, two multiclass support vector machines (SVMs) are designed to output the probabilities of different fault (or health condition) classes according to the input features extracted from a vibration signal and a current signal collected from the condition monitoring system,...
This paper proposes a digital filter model to characterize the thermal behaviors of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules. The thermal impedances of IGBT modules are characterized by low-order infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters. Compared to the conventional Foster-type thermal equivalent circuit (TEC) model, the low-order IIR filter model can greatly improve the accuracy of...
This paper proposes a differential evolution (DE) optimization-based current profiling method for simultaneous reduction of the torque ripple and vibration of switched reluctance motors (SRMs). The mechanism of torque generation in SRMs produces radial forces in addition to the required tangential force. It has been shown that the radial forces acting on the stator are the main vibration source in...
This paper proposes a novel direct power control (DPC) scheme for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Unlike the conventional DPC using hysteresis comparators, the proposed DPC utilizes nonlinear saturation controllers for the voltage vector selection and duty ratio modulation. This makes the calculation of the duty ratios of the voltage vectors much simpler and independent of DFIG parameters....
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